Macbeth Moral Decay Essay

Soliloquy, or the act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud, is the subject to which this question is being answered. In Acts 1 to 3 of Macbeth, the character Macbeth speaks of three particular soliloquy’s in which his moral and nature both move from a high ranking position into a continually falling characteristic of heroic decay. In Act 1 scene 7 Macbeth highlights, in his first soliloquy, the issues of committing the crime of murder and how it teaches others to act as criminals and to break out in violence, which then comes back to plague oneself. Macbeth is also sympathetic when he speaks of the king, saying he is a humble leader and that the king even trusts him. â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself† (1.7.13-16). Here Macbeth is saying that he is the kings kinsmen and host and that it is his job to protect him, as well as closing the door on the murderer trying to get to the king, not to be the murderer himself. Macbeth ends this soliloquy with a statement that gives a hint to his future ever-growing cruel self. He says, â€Å"Upon the sightless couriers of the air, shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, that tears shall drown the wind† (1.7.23-24). Macbeth foreshadows his future deed and even states that the people will be overwhelmed in sorrow over Duncan’s death. In Macbeth’s second soliloquy in Act 2 scene 1, he specifically says, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going, and such an instrument I was to use,† meaning that the imaginary dagger of which he speaks of is motivating and leading him to commit the crime of which he was planning, but was weary, to do (2.1.42-43). In this act, Macbeth talks to an image of a dagger that is a hallucination of his mind. The dagger may be symbolic of his own self, in which he says â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, which was not so before,† concluding that Macbeth was once clean but is now becoming more and more infected by his dark and dirty deeds, much like the dagger was once clean but is now dotted with blood (2.1.46-47). Macbeth also hears a bell ring which inspires him to take off and find Duncan before his courage wears off. In Act 3 scene 1 Macbeth’s third soliloquy highlights the fear he has of Banquo because of his intelligence and nobility. One can see the dramatic change of Macbeth’s character from the first soliloquy to the third soliloquy as he now has become greedy and jealous. Macbeth believes that he has worked hard and committed a crime for nothing since the throne will be passed on to Banquo’s sons instead of to his own descendants. Macbeth states, â€Å"Put rancors in the vessels of my peace only for them,† saying that he has ruined his own peace for the benefit of Banquo and his sons (3.1.67-68). Ultimately, there is a major change in Macbeth’s moral from the first act to the third. Macbeth’s motivation at first was solely by ambition, then it was anxiety and paranoia of committing the actual crime, and finally in his last soliloquy Macbeth became greedy and unsatisfied once he had power and control of the throne. Macbeth thought he would be much more gratified with having the power of the king then he actually was in the end. He then begins to second-guess his deeds and starts to become neurotic from the paranoia of over thinking and over-analyzing the whole situation. Macbeth’s moral decay resulted from his unconscious madness that drove him to commit many murders.

Article Review of “Fat and Happy” Essay

In â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance,† Mary Ray Worley offers a poignant account of her participation in a conference held by the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. She compares attending this conference with visiting another planet. Until she had the opportunity to visit this other planet, she had not realized just how ostracized she felt. (Worley, element 1). Her participation in this conference made her realize that â€Å"20th century American society† (Worley, element 4) is very much responsible for the shame that she and other overweight individuals have been made to feel. While there are several aspects of society that contribute to the alienation of individuals who are overweight, Worley suggests that the medical field bears a great deal of the responsibility: â€Å"Although the data gathered for most current studies indicate that body size is primarily determined by one’s genetic makeup, most researchers conclude–in spite of their own findings–that fat individuals should try to lose weight anyway† (Worley, element 3). She than goes on to argue that oftentimes attempts to diet only result in more weight gain. Worley marvels that â€Å"apparently [scientists] cannot bring themselves to say that since body size is largely a result of one’s genetic makeup it’s best to get on with the business of learning to live in the body you have, whatever its size† (Worley, element 5). She also claims that doctors often make the situation worse: â€Å"Regardless of the ailment†¦your doctor may put you on a diet before she treats your cough† (Worley, element 6). I believe that Worley makes a good point regarding the medical profession, but there is indeed a great deal of research that links obesity with increased heart problems among other things, which Worley ignores in this essay. In her uplifting conclusion, Worley encourages overweight individuals to love their bodies despite what society may say about them. You’re entitled to the space you take up. You can find clothes that show off the gorgeous person you are, you can play and dance without self-consciousness, you can be proud of yourself and never dread unwanted attention, you can be a brave pioneer and a friend to those who have suffered on planets less kind and less joyous than this one (Worley, element 2). In light of the many forces that are stacked against overweight individuals in our society, Worley’s words of encouragement are astute and empowering.

Abortion Issue Essay Example for Free

Abortion Issue Essay ? Abortion is a controversial issue but it should be discussed because it is happening, and is more widespread than we care to admit. If we truly care about life, then we must understand what is going on. Ideally, pregnancy is a wanted and happy event for women, their partners and their families. Unfortunately, this is not always so. Around the world, millions of women every year become pregnant unintentionally. In the Philippines, as in other countries, some of these women are faced with a difficult choice: to give birth to a child that they are not prepared or able to care for, or to obtain an illegal, and often unsafe, abortion. As a Filipino citizen abortion is a crime. According to Articles 256-259 of our Revised Penal Code, whether you’re the woman getting the abortion, the abortionist, or someone assisting or encouraging the abortion, if you commit the act on purpose, you could get sent to jail for one month, to twenty years. No exceptions. For us, the consensus in abortion is strongly â€Å"anti.† Almost all of my classmates insisted that intentional abortion of any kind; was murder, regardless of whether or not it was done to save the mother’s life. Out of the forty-four students in our section, only about six said that abortion, if regulated, could be made legal. While I myself would prefer to avoid having to get an abortion as far as reasonably possible, I believe that this issue should be looked at through a more critical lens. Why? Because it is the attitude that most Filipinos adopt in relation to abortion is frequently more emotional than practical. Much of it can be traced back to a knee-jerk, culture-based reaction to anything involving babies and death. The lines on matters involving religion, culture, and tradition are quite blurred, and the results are all the same: a default outcry against abortion, or any sort of regulation concerning sexual health. * Be able to understand and to be aware to the effects of abortion. * To enlighten the Filipino citizen not to agree to the so called â€Å"abortion bill†. * For us to share the learning’s to the teenagers what does abortion really do to our human life. Abortion is illegal in the Philippines and is not permitted under any circumstance. The act is criminalized by the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, which was enacted in 1930 but remains in effect today. Articles 256, 258 and 259 of the Code mandate imprisonment for the woman who undergoes the abortion, as well as for any person who assists in the procedure, even if they be the woman’s parents, a physician or midwife. Article 258 further imposes a higher prison term on the woman or her parents if the abortion is undertaken â€Å"in order to conceal [the woman’s] dishonour† (Tan 2008 and Wikipedia 2008).The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines effectively any amendments to the Penal Code’s provisions on abortion because of Article II, Section 12, which states: â€Å"The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and t he life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.† In the principle, legalizing abortion would require a referendum to amend the constitution, although the enactment of a more definitive provision sanctioning the ban was not successful. In 1999, Congressman Roy Padilla Jr. of Camarines Norte filed House Bill 6343seeking to allow abortion in special cases (e.g., rape, congenital defects in the fetus or cases where the mother’s life is endangered). It is unlikely that the bill will be passed but it has stimulated discussion on abortion. The passage of HB 6343 will require amendment because the Bill as it presently stands is inherently unconstitutional (Wikipedia 2008 and Tan 2008).The United Nations recognizes that abortion in the Philippines is permitted only in instances in which the pregnant woman’s life is endangered. However, there is no law in the Philippines that expressly authorizes abortions in order to save the woman’s life; and the general provisions which do penalize abortion make no qualifications if the woman’s life is endangered. It may be argued that an abortion to save the mother’s life could be classified as a justifying circumstance (duress as opposed to self-defence) that would bar criminal prosecution under the Revised Penal Code. However, this position has yet to be adopted or debunked by the Philippine Supreme Court. Proposals to liberalize Philippine abortion laws have been opposed by the Catholic Church, and its opposition has considerable influence in the predominantly Catholic country. Philippines is the only Catholic country in Asia and contrary to that statistical data reported that there were some 400,000 to 500,000 abortion in 2005. The Department of Health added that nearly 100,000 women who have unsafe abortions every year end up in the hospital. About 4 in 5 abortions in the Philippines are for economic reasons, according to a survey by the University of the Philippines. In many cases, said Jocelyn Pacete, a spokeswoman for Likhaan, a women’s health group based in Manila, â€Å"the mother can’t afford another child, so ends up choosing her five living children over the fetus in her womb.† (Source: Legal_Updates) STATISTICAL FACTS, QUALITATIVE FACTS Prevalence of Abortion in the Philippines Accurate measurement of induced abortion levels has proven difficult in many parts of the world. Health care workers and policymakers need information on the incidence of both legal and illegal induced abortion to provide the needed services and to reduce the negative impact of unsafe abortion on women’s health. Information on the current level of unintended pregnancy and abortion is essential for understanding the extent to which women face barriers in planning pregnancies and preventing unintended ones. Evidence on recent trends in these important indicators is also crucial in assessing whether changes in policies and programs are necessary. Abortions cut across class, age, and marital status, and occur in both urban and rural areas. The UP Population Institute (UPPI) 1994 study estimates that between 300,000 and500, 000 women obtain induced abortions annually in the Philippines. Put another way, there may be 16 induced abortions for every 100 pregnancies. According to Singh et al. (2006), induced abortion in the Philippines is widespread and practice takes many forms. Nearly half of pregnancies each year end in an induced abortion or an unplanned birth. Unintended pregnancy is the root cause of abortion. Some 3.1 million pregnancies occur each year in the Philippines. Of these, 15% result in induced abortions, 31% in unplanned births, 39% in planned births and 15% in spontaneous abortions. An estimated 473,000 abortions occur annually. One-third of women who experience an unintended pregnancy end it in abortion. Thus, about 1.43 million pregnancies each year—nearly half of all pregnancies— are unintended. The annual rate of unintended pregnancy is 81 per 1,000 women of reproductive age, meaning that about 8% of Filipino women aged 15–44 conceive every year without intending to do so. Women from all segments of society experience abortion . Women who have had an abortion resemble average Filipino women: The majority are married, Catholic and poor. They have some high school education and have already had several children. Surveying students, friends and all the people around us that is willing to answer our questionnaire. We’ve made a questionnaire instead of direct interview to the respondents. We are estimating around 50 respondents and from there we can assume a certain percent for the â€Å"Pro-Life† and â€Å"Anti†. (Source: Legal_Updates) http://www.chanrobles.com/revisedpenalcodeofthephilippinesbook2.htm: 1. Ã…hman E and Shah I, Unsafe abortion: worldwide estimates for 2000, Reproductive Health Matters, 2002, No. 19, pp. 13–17. 2. Ã…hman E and Shah I, Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2000, fourth ed., Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. 3. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Development, Abortion Policies: A Global Review, Vol. III, New York: United Nations, 1995. 4. Singh S et al., Estimating the level of abortion in the Philippines and Bangladesh, International Family Planning Perspectives, 1997, 23(3):100– 107 & 144. 5. Shire A and Pesso L, Changing policies and attitudes: postabortion care in the Philippines, Compass, 2003, N Abortion Issue. (2017, Feb 06).

Leadership and a Charismatic Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and a Charismatic Leader - Assignment Example Charismatic leadership delegates authority and can exert great influence on the attitude and performance of the team through their personality and charm. They use body language and facial expressions in order to appeal to the emotions of employees and persuade them in high commitment to work (Yukl, 2001). In contrast, transformational leadership is based on a specific view of the future based on passion and energy. These leaders seek to persuade and consider the feelings of persons and encourage their participation in decision making. Great enthusiasm and energy of transformational leaders inspire employees to implement new changes and new goals into practice. The ability to motivate and inspire employees is a core for the transformational leader. In order to achieve optimal goals he/she takes into account: motivation, reward, and commitment. In contrast to charismatic leaders "transformational leaders stimulate their followers' efforts "to be innovative and creative by questioning a ssumptions, reframing problems, and approaching old situations in new ways" (Stone, et al, 2004). 2. Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) Theory defines three bases of leadership: relationships, power, and task. The core of this approach is to think of employees a leader works and then to score this employee on a range of scales including positive factors and negative factors. Fiedler distinguishes two types of LPC leaders: high and low leaders. It means that high LPC leaders score their employees positively while low LPC leaders see their subordinates more negatively. On these assumptions, Fiedler concludes that it is common for high LPC leaders to have positive relationships with employees and support them in achieving corporate goals while low LPC leaders do not support their subordinates putting takes and demanding the work will be done properly without personal participation. If leaders do not have good relations with employees, they can change the nature of communication with subordinates.

Brand Image and Corporate Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Image and Corporate Identity - Essay Example The two elements, brand name, and corporate identity must be addressed for the success of the firm. A brand name offers a distinction between a company’s product and other substitutes in the market. The main aim of the brand name is to enable customers to distinguish a particular product from a pool of substitutes. An effective marketing plan includes a brand name that the organization holds onto to enhance better response from customers. Marketing executives create unique brand names that are attractive to the customers and also create a clear distinction with other products such that customers can easily memorize and identify the brand. A successful brand name must be relevant, coherent, differentiated and be able to create a reputation. One of the firms that have a successful brand name is The Coca-Cola Company. Its brand name, Coca-Cola, has stood out in the face of stiff competition. The brand name is common to many soft drink buyers around the globe. The company uses its one brand name strategy to penetrate new markets and also maintain its existing market share (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 2010). The brand, Coca-Cola, is known in virtually every household and thus cannot be confused with any other brand. A Brand name is made to stick into the target market and create a long-lasting loyalty to the brand despite other shortcomings of the firm (Berens, Riel & Bruggen 2005). Every product of a firm contains the brand name that acts as the marketing cornerstone. As such, marketers must ensure that the brand name is capable of attracting the target audience and also promote it aggressively so that it reigns in purchasing decisions made in the target market. Moreover, a brand name enhances the investors’ perception of the products of the firm and thus attracts investors, shareholders, and creditors.The corporate identity of a firm represents the general or the overall way.

Global Financial Crisis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Financial Crisis - Article Example On the other hand, the corporate sector faced critical conditions as money flow in the market reduced as a result of decreased consumer confidence. Another crucial set back was the increased job cuts in order to maintain the operational expenses. Most of the firms tried to counter the impact of global recession by reducing their activities and redesigning their business activities for facing the next boom period while others engaged in the new product or service development processes for keeping the consumers engaged with the business. In context of the current state of the recession, some economists believe that the after effects of the recession still exists but the US Government maintains that the current economic problems faced are not related to the global financial meltdown. The recommendations provided are to focus on new product and service development and also to develop the business network by forming alliances and partnerships with other relevant institutions. The study co ncluded that while the global financial crisis is considered to be over other economic problems being faced by the organisations and governments can be a sign that the phenomena still exists. The financial meltdown of 2007-08 is mostly referred to as the global financial crisis which has been termed by Gries and Naude (2011) and Crotty (2008) as one of the biggest economic and financial hits since the Great Depression of 1930s. Some of the key questions being debated in context of the global financial crisis of 2007-08 are regarding its origin, its influence and most importantly if the crisis is still looming or is it finally over. According to Pizam (2009), the global financial crisis mainly targeted the Western countries and effected their business segments as well as their customer groups. The challenges faced by the firms were related with their international as well as the domestic operations. Many big firms had collapsed during

Asian Population-reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asian Population-reaction paper - Essay Example Most Japanese sculptures consist of images of Buddha. Japanese women have a unique mode of dressing, mostly referred to as â€Å"Kimono† Married women dress differently from the unmarried women. Dressing code is associated with the place of woman in the society. A Japanese woman is expected to be respectful and always abide by his husbands demands. Most Japanese women were treated unequally until the end of World War II. Most Japanese gender roles have changed with many adopting the western cultures. However, the traditional norms still expect the woman to respect the man and hence follow what his husband says. Japanese people have a unique diet. Their diet is mostly composed of rice (Gohan) miso soup, meat or fish and pickled vegetables. Japanese cuisine is made up of light foods that are associated with their longevity. Most of their food practices are also related to their way of life (Kubota, 2014). When dealing with this kind of population, there are many things that I would do differently. I would respect their religion and emphasize on the need for moral ethics as it is also inscribed in their teachings. I would encourage the young people to adopt good living lifestyles as it is the typical segment in most religion. I would also respect women’s opinion and help champion for their rights. I would adopt their feeding habits as it focuses on good health. I would also provide them with alternative light foodstuff that also emphasizes on good health. I would join their martial art school so as to learn their culture very

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy Essay

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy and Network Level Strategy - Essay Example As the report discusses successful business level strategies depend on sound customer base. Identification of the groups of customers, the needs and preferences of those customer groups and the core competencies that the firm will be using to satisfy the customer needs form the basis of the business level strategies. Thus the key issues the firm should address while deciding on the business level strategies are the nature of goods and services the firm wants to offer the customers, how to produce such goods and services and how the goods and services can be efficiently be distributed. Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. This paper stresses that Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm’s ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved.... Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. (Slater and Olsen 2000) 3.0 Corporate Level Strategy: Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. Markides (1997) describes that a corporate level strategy is expected to help the firm earn above-average returns by creating values just as with the diversified firm's business level strategies. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm's ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved. 4.0 Network level Strategy: The Network level strategy defines inter-organizational relationships. Having access to multiple collaborations increases the likely-hood that additional competitive advantages will be formed as the set of resources and capabilities being shared expand. (Rudberg & Olihager 2003) One of the primary benefits of a network level strategy is the firm's opportunity to gain access to a multitude of firms' resources and capabilities. When this happens the probability greatly increases, that partners will find unique ways to uniquely share their resources and capabilities to form competitive advantages.

Tablet Devices and Comfort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tablet Devices and Comfort - Essay Example We have the slate tablet which is also referred to as the iPad.It has a touchscreen unit which and does not have a keyboard. Lastly, there is the rugged tablet that can stand all the rough handling by the students. They have hard drives that are usually shock protected. Some people argue that the tablet devices should replace the books that learners use in their classrooms. Using the tablets may have various disadvantages to the learners like the costs. Some of them are expensive and not each parent can afford to buy for their children. Background The tablet devices may have their advantages but some people choose to be against it. In the world today, the education system has been in the recent years become technological. Many learners now are able to use computers at school and at home. Looking at the question of using the traditional books that almost all the schools use, some parents and most students find it very hectic to move around carrying bags to schools. Some of the bags ar e very heavy and may cause the students to acquire diseases of the lower back. Both the books and the tablet devices have their advantages and the disadvantages. From the kindergarten to most universities in the world today, tablet devices are playing the biggest role in the education system.  Ã‚   The tablets may enhance their urge for going to school. With the use of tablets in schools, students are able to prepare themselves for the 21st-century workforce which uses the tablets for the smooth running of their work. Tablet devices may be seen as very costly as compared to the traditional books. Other than that, they have advantages to the parents and the learners. First of all, the tablet devices have apps. The apps are important and very efficient because whether the device is pointed to the sky or elsewhere, the educational apps make learning fun for many kids especially those in the elementary level. In the classroom settings, the use of the apps can be used by tutors who will give the learners the curiosity to learn more. The apps are used as a research tool for all the students especially in colleges (Jarrett and Su 25). If one compares the tablets and the traditional books, it is evident that the books are not very interesting and many learners don’t find it very interesting to use them in a classroom setting. Secondly, the tablet devices bring about interactiveness among the learners and all the teachers. The uses of the tablets that were used in the 20th century like the computers have video games that mostly bring the learners together. As a result of this, they learn and most of them think very differently. For a classroom to have the very interactive lesson, they need to have tablets which engage the students and thus giving them interactive experiences. These experiences cannot be found when the students just use books in the class. The tutor needs to have outside class activities in order for them to interact with the students.

Defining Pholosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining Pholosophy - Essay Example Bertrand Russell, a philosopher, states that philosophy â€Å"is something intermediate between theology and science. Like theology, it consists of speculations on matters as to which definite knowledge has, so far, been unascertainable; but like science, it appeals to human reason..." (What is philosophy?, n.d.) The four main branches of philosophy are logic, epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. These branches of philosophy are divided as to the nature of the questions asked in each area; however, these divisions cannot be rigidly separated. Logic pertains to the attempt to codify the rules of rational thought. This is one of the primary tools used by philosophers in their inquiries. Logicians explore the structure of arguments that preserve truth or allow the optimal extraction of knowledge from evidence. The second branch of philosophy is epistemology which is the study of knowledge itself. It deals with the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge. Epistemologists ask quest ions such as what are the limits to our knowledge, does science give us knowledge at all or can our powers of reasoning give us knowledge. The third branch of philosophy is metaphysics which is the study of the nature of things. Metaphysicians ask what kinds of things exist, and what they are like. This is the area of philosophy which deals with the ultimate nature of reality. Metaphysicians reason about whether or not people have free will, in what sense abstract objects can be said to exist, and how it is that brains are able to generate minds. Examples of questions asked by metaphysicians are: Given that something exists, why that and not something else? Why that and not nothing? Why is there change? How can there also be permanence through change? Ethics is the fourth branch of philosophy which deals with the study of the rightness and wrongness of actions, the kinds of things which are good or desirable, and the blameworthy and praiseworthy actions. This area deals with how we conduct ourselves within the world. Moral philosophers may investigate questions such as, is it right for rape victims to abort their babies or is euthanasia the solution to a comatose patient? Philosophical questions are conceptual not factual. Generally speaking, philosophical questions are often a series of "why-questions." These are questions which cannot be fully answered with a simple â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†. These questions come about when people reflect on their lives and their world. They are often questions about our concepts and the relation between our concepts and the world they represent. Russell states that philosophical questions â€Å"appeal to human reason† (What is philosophy?, n.d.). Some philosophical questions are practical while others are theoretical. Example of a practical question is, "Is divorce justifiable?" A theoretical question on the other hand, often arise through thinking about practical issues such as â€Å"What is the meaning and purpose of our existence?† According to Stroll and Popkin, philosophical questions have seven characteristics (1972). First, it is a reflection about and the things nothing in it. Example is if one has a pen in his hand and took it off, there is nothing in his hand. So, does that mean that everything exists in nothing? The second characteristic of a philosophical question is it is a conceptual rather than a practical activity. The third characteristic is the use of reason and argumentation to establish a point. Fourth, a philosophical question asks for an explanation of the puzzling features of things such as the mirror, whether it reverses up or down or left or right. A philosophical question also digs beyond the obvious like what is a fact? Is a computer a fact? Another characteristic of

The Kite Runner and its theme on Psychological Healing and Redemption Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner and its theme on Psychological Healing and Redemption Essay Introduction It has been much known to many that wars and social differences among people in a certain society bring so many problems to many people in the world. Certainly, one may agree that because of the undoubted situation of the people who are directly affected by wars, there come to be several psychological issues that must be dealt with by people as individuals. Regarding wars, an article entitled â€Å"Why is there war?† comments this way: â€Å"Nationalism, prejudices, injustices and communication difficulties have been at the root of other conflicts. In all too many cases, armies have carried out the orders of leaders, such as Hitler, Napoleon and Alexander the Great, who have shown an excessive desire for personal glory and honor.† (Awake! 2000, 32) These comments notably support the idea that man, in many ways are the very elements that contribute to the worsening situation of the society regarding social inequality resulting to conflicts and worse, wars. In reaction to these social problems of inequality and conflicts, author Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan American novelist has come up with a fictionary story that shows the elemental sources as well as effects of social inequalities to people as individuals. The plot of the story was based upon two friends in Afghanistan who were merely separated by the social-class that they both belong to. One being the slave and one being the master, these two friends who turn out to be brothers as the story progresses, depict the differences of the people living in the society today. What are the themes that the story portrays and how do these themes reflect the ability and the ways by which an individual tries to regain himself from an emotional and psychological downfall? These and many more shall be discussed in the paragraphs that follow. An Overview of the Story The whole theme of the story of â€Å"The Kite Runner† revolved around the lives of two young children who were from different classes of the society. Social prejudice of the economic status of people has been the main reason why the problem of diversity in Afghanistan has risen as portrayed in the story. This factor indeed contributed so much to the story’s complication, which resulted to the guilt driven emotions of the main character Amir, when he was not able to come to the rescue of his friend Hassan. In this story, a clear display of the society’s major problem on prejudice and equality has been shown. Concentrating on the more personally based assessment of the situation as portrayed by Amir, the social problems depicted in the story makes it easier to understand why people take lesser courage in making a change in the present social situation, be guilty later on and then set goals in making a change in a less complex and fearful way. Yes, in a concise display of events, the author tried to help the reader’s picture out the most important events of the situation that would likely connect the story with the intense effect of social diversity to individuals in the society. The consequences are shown to be much dreadful enough to keep a person from moving on with his own life, because of the fact that the lack of courage that drives a person to ignore the things that are supposed to be done by him in the first place. Certainly, an inner healing is necessary for certain situations such as this. It is normal for a person to feel down from not being able to complete or live up to a certain self-expectation. However, inner healing is not that easy to find. As for the main character of the story, it could be noted that the healing of his conscience mainly came form the fact that he had to come back to Afghanistan to find his find with a plan of making it up to him in any way he could. Although he was not able to do the said task as he has expected things to come along, he was still able to help himself regain his clear conscience through helping the son of his friend Hassan to have a change of life under his care. An Analysis of the Story As it could be noted, the story was plotted to show the deeper individual effects of the social differences among men as well as the effects of war on relationships between people. The existence of such issues has made the characters reflect the actual situation of individuals in the society especially focusing on the Afghanistan society. (Howard, 2003, Internet) One more them of the story, which should be given attention, is the picture of reality portrayed by Amir. His lack of courage in doing things that they know should be done is a problem by many people today. Although they know that something within their power could change several situations in the society, their fear of several elements in the society keeps them from doing any courageous change. This was shown when Amir failed to save his friend Hassan from the hands of the bully, Assef. As a result, his conscience has not made him completely relieved from moving away from Afghanistan ever since. Instead, he was continuously haunted by the past and the things that he was supposed to do for his friend (Kirszner, 2001, 90). At the same picture, several people today find it difficult to forget the past especially the situations that involves them with the things that they were supposed to do and yet they did not have much of the courage that it takes for them to do it. As a way of relieving the pain brought about by the past, people tend to find ways in which they could still change what happened. As for the situation of Amir, he tried to return to Afghanistan to supposedly make it up with Hassan. As it could be noted from the overview of the story, although Amir was not able to make it up to his half brother Hassan, he was able to clear his conscience by taking care of the son of Hassan instead. In the same way, people today find a way to heal their aching hearts through returning back to what has happened in the past and later on try to change things for the people that they were supposed o help before. This way, their conscience is then cleared off from the shortcomings that they incurred against others before. From Getting Hurt to Getting Healed and Redeemed As mentioned earlier, people tend to get hurt from many things. Usually, their experiences of several different situations they have been involved with, brings them the discouragement that they ought to feel after not being able to do what they were supposed to. This then brings them several psychological disturbances that keep them from moving on freely with their lives. The fear of doing what they should have done before might have been governed by several factors in the society that kept them from being able to complete their supposed tasks before (Hill, 2000, Internet). Certainly, because of the said elements, doing what is right might not have been that easy. Aside from this, it is quite easier to understand that the situation is harder to deal with when it is happening at the actual time. The lack of time to think things over makes it harder for a person to realize what should be immediately done to solve some things (Coon, 2001, 54,55). This is naturally what happened to Amir upon seeing the bully beat his friend. Along with fear and panic, he was not able to come up with the possible solution that he was supposed to apply during the said situation. People tend to lack courage when they are faced with the actual crisis. However, after some time of thinking things over, they begin to realize that there could have been better results if they did have the courage to do their ethical responsibilities regarding the situation. What is meant by redemption and healing? Naturally, this means recovery from any possible scourge that has been experienced by one in the past. Being healed, means being able to cure what has been causing one the pain that is felt in an emotional state as for this matter (Coon, 20001, 56). Hence, healing does not only involve mere mind works. It has to involve actions that would help the individual free himself from the guilt that he is feeling from within his conscience. Basing from how the main character tried to resolve his personal issues regarding his past shortcomings against his friend, coming back to the origin of his guilt feelings has helped him realize the possibility for him to clear his conscience from the guilt that has mainly plagued his thoughts for a long time. As for the present situation of the society, to redeem themselves from the psychological and emotional disturbances brought about by the past, people opt to find ways by which they can still change things even though the change may not be done directly to the people they have once failed to help (Coon, 2001, 58). The changes that this certain courageous act by an individual that naturally results to betterment of many or even of a few would then help that individual to regain his clean conscience thus clearing him from all the guilt that has been keeping him from moving on with his life before. A Social Connection of the Story Several issues that divide it to several classes govern the society today. Aside from the race, economic status makes it harder for an individual to deal with the society in a fair way. Yes, today, the main reason why people tend to separate themselves from others is the existence of social prejudice. What is prejudice? According to the article entitled, â€Å"They found the solution to the problem of race†: â€Å"Education is the key to ending present condition of prejudice. When this key is missing, prejudice often results. Prejudice is a prejudgment, a judgment arrived at before persons have really examined the evidence regarding the matter involved. Then, because of their prejudice, they are inclined to discriminate against others. (Awake! 1999, 14) Certainly, the social division makes it harder for people to deal with each other in a fair way. In the same way, the governments and the non-government organizations, which are supposed to give answers to the said social issues, have a hard time finding ways by which they would be able solve the disturbances. As a result, they have to deal with the guilt that they gain from not being able to give answers to the most important issues in the human society. To be able to clear their guilt, they tend to solve the issues after several years when the pressure on the issue is already lessened and the attention of the society towards the issue has already been shifted to other problems (Coon, 2001, 60). Prejudice however remains to be the main reason why people are having a hard time dealing with a divided society. Facing the Roots of the Problem Basing from actual accounts in the society, prejudice is a major problem that makes it harder for people to find peace and security in their own communities. As it has been portrayed in the story of the â€Å"Kite Runner†, the divisive culture of people cannot be easily dealt with. As a result, more roots of social issues arise from the very said social illness.   It is a responsibility of everyone else in the society to face the challenge of acting against the effects of prejudice. By being completely free from the thoughts of being superior from others should help everyone realize that they have to stand for their fellowmen when they are faced with the oppression of prejudice like that of the situation between Hassan and Amir in the story. For this reason, it would be more possible for people to avoid the guilt of not being able to complete their responsibilities to their fellowmen. Conclusion The creation of the authored story of â€Å"The Kite Runner† gives a clear vision of the actual social situation of the people at present. The division that exists in the society makes it harder for the authorities to do what is supposed to be taken as an action to address the social injustices. As a result, guilt has to be dealt with by the authorities who are supposed to face the challenge. Rather than finding ways to heal one’s conscience from not being able to commit to the challenges of the society, one might as well find ways to face the issues even before they happen, in result, this process of facing the social issues would be easier to manage than to actually find ways to clear one’s conscience from being guilty. Healing and redemption is an essential part of the society’s recovery from the effects of social prejudice. Individuals who have been naturally involved in the deeper effects of the said social issues are the ones who are supposed to find ways by which they could be able to handle their inner distress brought about by social inequalities. Changing how the world views not everyone with differences in an unequal manner may be that easy to deal with, but a single person’s courage of taking the lead to make a change on how people deal with prejudice is a great step towards a fairer society that does not divide society based on several classes of differences. Work Cited Magazines and Journals Why is there war. (2000). Awake! Brooklyn New York. They found the solution to the problem of race. (1999). Awake! Brooklyn New York. Internet Sources: Hill, Amelia. The Observer. (Sunday September 7, 2003). An Afghan hounded by his past. http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,6121,1036891,00.html. (March 13, 2007). Howard, Edward. The Servant. (August 3, 2003). The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E0DF123FF930A3575BC0A9659C8B63. (March 13, 2007). Books: Coon, Dennis. (2001).Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Thompson Learning Incorporated. Kirszner, Laurie G. (2001) Litterature: reading, reacting and writing. Harcourt College Publishers.

How Muhammad Established Islam As A Major Political And Religious Force In The World Essay Example for Free

How Muhammad Established Islam As A Major Political And Religious Force In The World Essay While Muhammad was living with his wife Khadija, he often went to a cave outside Makkah called Hira, where he would reflect and pray. During one night in 610CE, when Muhammad was 40, he was in a cave on Mount Hira. God revealed himself to Muhammad. This was called the night of power, and it relates in Surah 95 of the Quran, which is entitled The Blood Clot. When Muhammad returned home, Khadija became his first believer. Then his cousin Ali, a freed slave called Zayd, and one of his closest friends, Abu Bakr, all became followers. There started one of the great religions of the world. Muhammad had a strong belief that there was only one God, the creator. He believed that all humans should be equal in their relationship with this creator. This undermined the tribes of Makkah who, especially the Quarish, rose up against Muhammad and his followers. All through his life, Muhammad fought to establish Islam, to gather followers, and to create a substantial political force. In the 22 years after the first revelation, until Muhammad died in 632CE, God delivered the Quran to Muhammad, his messenger. By the time that God had finished revealing the Quran, Muhammad had moved to Madinah. Hence we get Makkan and Medinan verses. The Makkan verses are usually shorter, more judgemental, and are found towards the end of the Quran. After the second revelation, the night journey, Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, 40 miles north of Makkah, to settle disputes with the pilgrims from that town. He went there with family and followers in 622CE. When he arrived, he built a house, which was later to become the first mosque. He then renamed the town Madinah. This is where the central community was established. After Muhammad died, no one knew if he had named a successor. Usually, it would pass to his eldest son. In the end the leader was chosen by the Muslim community as a person of great personal integrity. This is the belief of the Sunni branch of Islam, who did not want a government, but they wanted to rely on an authoritative ruler. The Shia branch believes that the early history was biased against Ali, Muhammads cousin. When Ali did become the leader, those who believed Ali to be the true successor formed the separate Party of Ali. The Shia branch wanted a leader from the family of Muhammad. Islam was greatly diversified by the achievements of the first four caliph successors to Muhammad. Here is who they are and what they achieved in their rule: * Abu Bakr (632-634 CE) He and his armies conquered Arab tribes, and they went as far as the Byzantine Empires borders. Abu Bakr had more than a personal belief of Islam and he had a belief of political ideology. * Umar (634-644 CE) He continued after Abu Bakr and captured Jerusalem and North Africa. * Uthman (644-656 CE) After Ali turned down the caliphate, Uthman was chosen and he expanded the empire through North Africa and Eastwards to India and China. * Ali (656-661 CE) He made Muawiya co-caliph, a disastrous move. Two parties were formed, one supporting Ali, the other supporting Muawiya. Islam today is the second largest religion in the world and it is growing fast. It is significant in the modern politics. It also contributes to art, music, architecture and philosophy. The religion has grown to have over 2 billion followers. However recently Islamophobia has stepped in. Islam has been treated very cruelly by the western media in the last few years. However Islam means to surrender, or submit, and it is linked closely to another Arabic word meaning peace. Indeed a Muslim is one who surrenders.

Multi- Level Car Park System Project

Multi- Level Car Park System Project Career Episode 1 CE 1.1 INTRODUCTION During my engineering degree, I worked on a project called Multi- Level Car Park System in my 6th semester. So, my first career episode describes that project. I did my Bachelors Degree in Electronics Communication from Surya School of Engineering Technology affiliated to Punjab Technical University. I completed my engineering in 2013. This project was completed in six months and under the leadership of Prof. Neha Batra Sharma who was a microcontroller lecturer. CE 1.2 BACKGROUND In this century, every person is trying to find ways in which work can be done easily and fast. There are lot of developments that have been done that are based on automation. The projectÂÂ   makes use of this concept which is cooperative for everyone. In this project, I am trying to solve the traditional parking system which is noisy, trouble for users and has risk of accidents. For these problems and to reduce human efforts I have introduced an automation based multi-level parking system which utilizes minimum space possible and many cars can be parked making it time saving and risk free. Parking will be done in that same amount of place grated by the government but many cars can be accommodated. Here the driver of the car will just park the car at the entry point and then rest of the parking work will be done by this new system itself without the help of any valet driver. CE 1.3 The issue in every industry, building or office is of parking. Lot of space is needed to park a car. In traditional parking systems, man power i.e. drivers are required and as number of cars are increasing drastically in the market it creates a hazard for each driver who is on the road. If appropriate car parking is done then more cars can be parked. Also, there should be proper space that is need to be maintained between two car lens so a person taking his car out doesnt face any problem along with no wastage of space is done. The aim and objective behind this project is to lessen human efforts to park a car. In this system, I have made use of automation which is done by Arduino controller. This system will help to minimize the car parking area especially in areas where there is less space for parking. The automated car parking system will enable vehicles to be parked at each floor by floor and in limited amount of space, many vehicles can be parked. It is the modernized system of parking cars. CE 1.4 I had made a project strategy to plan the work I needed to perform along with the duration it would require by considering the level of complications and important areas of work. I started by putting the first thing in my plan as, to discuss the idea about project and do some research which was followed by designing of the model and studying Arduino controller. Which further involved implementation of the model and studying various programming techniques useful for this controller. It followed by final interfacing of components like servo motor, keypad etc. to complete the hardware and software part. I had also performed test run and troubleshoot on the system and made a detail project report. At every step, I kept my internal project guide involved and updated with my progress. CE 1.5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY After finalizing the title for my project, I started doing reviews on current scenarios in car parking and noted down all the difficulties and started to find solutions on it. There after I started to discover strategies on how to follow and go ahead with this solution. I divided the project implantation process in 2 portions: cark parking process and car taking process. And I developed a block diagram for the hardware which can be seen below. CE 1.6 Automation is basically the use of control system that will reduce the work or effort done by human in performing any task of goods and services. It basically eases it. in space of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Mechanization mostly provides human with machinery that will operate to assist them with any physical or muscular exertion requirement. Whereas automation significantly decreases the need for human physical and mental requirements. It plays an important role in the world now. Generally automated parking is a method of parking and retrieving cars automatically by using a system of pallets and lifts. It is a time saving and space saving method and it can be used for underground or leveled parking system. It enhances the safety and comfort of driver in constrained environment that requires experience and attention to steer the car. CE 1.7 I made use of following hardware components after performing studies on them. 1. Arduino controller is a tool used so that the system can sense and control the number of inputs and outputs. It is simply a microcontroller board on which programs can be coded. 2. L293 Motor drive IC a monolithic integrated high voltage device which is used as heat sink and to drive inductive loads and switching power transistors. 3. DC Motor used bidirectional DC motor that will rotate in both direction and generate torque directly and speed of 10rpm. 4. Servo motor used for precision positioning and are equipped with servo mechanism to control angular positions. 5. Keypad use of keypad is done to get inputs from the user to the system. User inputs car details and will input the parking spot for that car where it can be parked. CE 1.8 The internal circuitry working of this system can be described as when the power supply is given to the controller, it asks for input from the user. User enters the input via keyboard which then goes to Arduino microcontroller. Motor drive IC which is connected to the main motor receives data from the controller that is given by the user.ÂÂ   The controller will work as directed by the input and pass it to device IC accordingly and thus the motor will rotate. Thus, after car gets parked in the desired area, the key is pressed for that slot and it sends a 0 signal to the controller along with other necessary information of the car. The same procedure repeats for various other cars. The software part was coded based on C/C++ programming language. Though it seemed to be a simple code, it took lot of efforts in completion. I divided the whole code into parts and tried to code each segment separately and check its functionality and then combine it together so that it acts as one and performs in the desired fashion. I also took help from experts from the field of coding to achieve the desired result in my project. CE 1.9 The parking of the car process of my project: The limit switch tracks for any empty available parking spots so when the user inputs the details for parking, the loop continues to flow until it finds a slot for parking. When a slot is found, it will ask the user to input details and select from available slot. This input goes to the controller. The controller triggers the appropriate pin to give a vertical movement to the lift until floor detection key is pressed. After reaching the desired floor, the second motor is rotated to get to the desired area of parking. The servo motor rotates the lift outside and vertical motor moves downwards till it is parked in the slot. Once car is parked, the lift positions itself to the original position at the entry level. Picking the car from Parking process: When a user wants to take out his car from parking, it enters the details and the loop flows until he enters the slot number of the car parked. The slot number acts as an input for the controller and the same procedure is repeated until the car is taken out. The lift then levels itself to the entry level. CE 1.10 While performing this project, there were many hurdles in between. The first hurdle was construction of its hardware, as it requires lots of component and it structure was very heavy and bulky. And the controller was a new one for me so it took a while to understand its details and the way it functions. The other problem was with the software as I was not so proficient in making such complex codes. I took help from my seniors and project guide and they helped me overcome this hurdle. CE 1.11 SUMMARY Based on practical and theoretical knowledge in my field of electronics I prepared a working model that performs the required functionality. Various possible different solutions and options were taken into consideration and had been studied. And thus, after technical comparative study based on its merit and demerits I performed this system. The whole control of the system is done on Arduino controller board and its the main driving unit of the system. There is a lot of scope for expansion to this system by adding sensors and LCD display showing all parking spots and details. Overall this project helped me learn new things and it being my first every project in my own field of study, was a new experience. It helped me grow a lot in technical terms as well as at personal level.

The Prophet Amos Essay -- social issues

The Prophet Amos Amos is recognized as the first of the Israelite prophets whose words were recorded on a scroll. He was not a prophet all his life and never prophesied professionally. Amos earned his living as a â€Å"herdsman and dresser of sycamore figs.† (Amos 7:14) Since he already had an occupation he did not have to prophesy for money. He prophesied because God had called him to do so. Amos was not a poor sheep herdsman. The word herdsman, used to describe his occupation, was not the common Hebrew word used to refer to shepherds. The Hebrew word used described the vocation of a Moabite king, King Mesha. The Hebrew word means sheep-master, and refers to the owners of a special breed of sheep, famous for their wool. Amos may have been one of the more important men in his region, Tekoa. Tekoa was a village about ten miles south of Jerusalem. It was situated atop a large hill some 2800 feet above sea level. Therefore, Tekoa was strategically located. It was fortified and walled. â€Å"Tekoa is mentioned elsewhere, in 2 Chronicles 11:6, as one of several cities that King Rehoboam (Solomon’s son and successor) rebuilt and fortified after the breaking away of the ten northern tribes and founding of the northern kingdom of Israel (in 931).† (Miller p.45) Like many other prophets Amos was called directly by Yahweh through some divine intervention. Yahweh â€Å"took† him from his flocks and said, â€Å"Go and prophesy to my people Israel.†(Amos 7:15) He also saw five visions. Throughout the third and fourth visions God’s voice claimed, â€Å"I will forgive them no longer.† (Amos 7:8; 8:1) He was referring to the people of Israel. The Book of the Prophet Amos begins with a short description of the prophet. This is followed by his words. He begins by condemning several nations, Israel’s neighbors. Finally, and most importantly, he goes on to condemn Israel. This condemnation of Israel would come as a surprise to listeners in Amos’ time, because the people of Israel were the chosen people. Amos goes on to list some of the sins of Israel. The underlying theme behind many of the sins was that the wealthy and powerful were alienating the poor and the weak. Amos lived during the long and prosperous reign of Jeroboam II. During this time many people became very wealthy. There were, however, some who remained poor. The wealthy exploited the weakness and vulnerability of the poor.... ...ust society. In our interactions with our families we should avoid unkind words and insults. We must treat family members with respect and caring. In school and in our community one can use his or her talents to tutor a friend so that he can achieve success. Community service at a local school or hospital can be a way to help those in our community who need help or are less fortunate. In these acts of compassion and caring we live the word of God. The Book of Amos, the teachings of Jesus through the Gospels and the Church’s Constitution all make one thing very clear. Our actions and social institutions should all benefit the human person and respect human dignity. These actions and institutions should be â€Å"founded on truth, built on justice, and animated by love.† (Huebsch p. 144) Bibliography Heubsch, Bill, and Paul Thurmes. The Constitutions. Allen: Thomas More Publishing, 1997. Mays, James Luther. Amos. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1969. Miller, John W. Meet the Prophets: A Beginner’s Guide to the Books of the Biblical Prophets. Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1987. Rad, Gerhard von. The Message of the Prophets. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1962.

Analysis Of Amy Lowells Poem A Decade :: essays research papers fc

Analysis of Amy Lowell’s Poem “A Decade';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In “A Decade,'; a poem by Amy Lowell, the reader is shown how a lover’s attitude can go from infatuation at first to just predictability and love. In this poem Lowell uses imagery and similes to elaborate on the feelings of the speaker towards his/her lover. In the beginning of the relationship the speaker is infatuated with the lover, and Lowell expresses this infatuation through the use of a simile in line one when comparing the lover to “red wine and honey';. As the relationship goes on deeper into the decade a comparison between the lover and “morning bread'; is made in line three, showing the reader that instead of being like “red wine and honey'; in the beginning, which burnt the speaker’s mouth with sweetness, now the lover is perceived as being “smooth and pleasant';.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The speaker of the poem could either be male or female, who is in love with someone and has been with that person for a decade. The speaker is telling the one that he/she loves how the feelings have gone from just being infatuated with them to being “nourished'; by them. The tone of the poem is hard to describe; it is actually the “lovey dovey'; feeling that should come to the reader while reading this poem. The poem has no set rhyme scheme, and is six lines long in one stanza.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following, is my paraphrase of the poem. When we first met you were sharp and sweet And when we kissed it burnt my mouth because I wanted you so. Now that it has been a few years you are still pleasant and smooth. I really don’t pay attention to how you taste, now I know you too well. You complete me. Thorne 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem “A Decade'; by Amy Lowell, she tells the reader how feelings go from being wild and crazy to being second nature to the speaker.

Language Separation in Immigrant Families Essay -- Immigrants Immigrat

Language Separation in Immigrant Families In America, each family usually has a standard language spoken in the household. Communication is easy and mothers can talk with their children and they can connect with them. Some people who have this benefit are unaware that some families do not have this advantage in their homes. Lee Thomas and Linh Cao understand that some families have language change through each generation. Cao herself lived in house where her relatives used several different languages and learned first hand that there are many losses when a family doesn’t share a common language. Thomas and Cao wrote this article specifically for parents and families that have language separation through generations. Both authors have background knowledge about language from their experiences. Thomas was a teacher of linguistics at the University of Nevada. Cao taught English at Sparks High School in Nevada. Cao also grew up in a family where the language predominately spoken by each person changed by age group. She was born in Vietnam and her first language was ...

Lecture note

In English Composition l, you learned how to analyze an argument for effectiveness, specifically looking at the use of logos (logic), ethos (credibility), and pathos (emotion). This week, you'll learn how to craft your own arguments. Starting with this week's Discussion, we'll take a closer look at constructing logic (logos), which Includes using both deductive and inductive reasoning.With inductive reasoning, you move â€Å"from a et of specific examples to a general statement,† making the â€Å"inductive leap from evidence to generalization† (Rosa & School, 2012, p. 540). For instance, after looking at a month's worth of sales receipts, you could determine that Saturday afternoons are when most patrons prefer to shop in your store. Deductive reasoning â€Å"moves from a general statement to a specific conclusion† and works from the model of a â€Å"syllogism, a three-part argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion† (Ros a & School, 2012, p. 0). Please note that in order to accept your conclusion/argument, your audience should accept the major and minor premises as truths. See the below example, which could be the start of one argument In support of a vegetarian diet: Major premise: Beef contains cholesterol. Minor premise: Too much cholesterol Is bad for one's health. Conclusion: To remain in good health, people should eat less beef. For the Discussion this week, you'll practice creating argumentative statements, including your own syllogism.In this week's Assignment, you'll take it a step further and write detailed and supported arguments, either for or against the thesis of a professional essay. This will be the first draft of your Synthesis Essay, which you'll revise in Week 4. It's important to remember that in a Synthesis Essay, you need to add something new to the conversation. You start with existing knowledge on an Issue (in this case, a professional essay), and then create new knowledge (y our argument), making unique and Insightful points. Objective(s):

How Business’s Use ICT Essay

conceptionIn this invoice I alto occupyherow for be investigating a high society and narrateing you how and wherefore they go for ICT indoors their association. similarly I impart announce you how using ICT benefits them and jockstraps them get around their logical argument smoothly. The company that I forget ask is the supermarket mega strain Asda. The location of the neckcloth in which I investigated is Park Royal in Lon forefather and I went on the 9th and el level(p)th of January 2007. I interviewed Mr Andrew Davies, Customer Relations Manager. narrationAsda Stores Limited was founded by Laura Beth Murray as Associated Diaries and bring on Sores LTD in 1949 however it took f rejectpots semipermanent to ensconce on the machinateation of the raise. fin entirelyy it was decided to office an abbreviation of ASquith and Dairies in 1965. The company went through a degenerate period in the early 1990s, plainly was and so revived under the lead of Archie No rman, who latelyr became a front remove Conservative MP. He was chairman of the company during the period 1996-99. ASDA, which consequently owned 229 stores, was secured by Wal-Mart of the United States, on July 26, 1999.Since the d painful back everywhere ASDA has continue to principal(prenominal)tain its headquarters at the thus vernall(a)y opened ASDA firm. ASDA Ho implement was one of the first of the new big(a) office blocks to open as contri andion of the redevelopment of the huge ara mho of the River Aire from the city shopping mall of Leeds, in the Holbeck district, tungsten Yorkshire. as hearty, the mission statement for ASDA isGeneral readingThe international supermarket mega store do its name by just being a supermarket, solely based on food. However, Asda has grow and now they offer servicings for* CDs* DVDs* figurer Games* Flowers* Furniture* Mobile Phones* Glasses* Flights* reference point entry bugs* Clothes* Car lease* Contact lenses* Satell ite Navigation Systems* MP3 Players* foodThis presents how big this supermarket has become and has undergone a transitional period and has now became a multi decision cooperate business. Now, Asda runs it own dispersion expediency which delivers results to its stores which delivers products to its stores and to guests who cop online. Asda excessively has its own vestments designer label called George which is quite popular. Also, Asda has belatedly introduced 24/7 supportping which is genuinely comfortable for raft who wreak late hours and besides convenient at e peculiar(prenominal)(a) occasions such(prenominal) as Christmas. size (Staff/Customers)Asda employs 150,000 so I believe that Asda serves the lodge well beca aim it provides so legion(predicate) concerns for heap within the community. More over, Asda supplies a service for over 17 million sight in one week in the UK alone. at large last on that point be approximately 720 workers who work on the ICT network scarce.DivisionsAs of January 2006 in that respect were 21 Asda super centres, 243 Asda superstores, 37 Asda supermarkets, 5 Asda Living stores, 10 George clothing stores. In addition Asda announced plans to build a minimum of 18 stores across the consentaneous UK and it is expected to form 2000 new jobs. Also, at that place be twenty four distri notwithstandingion centres and in addition a Head Office.Aims* To comprehensively be recognised as the high hat supermarket in the UK and overly be cognize all around the world.* To provide jobs and stool high quality goods to all hoi polloi no matter what age, sex, religion and p ar down colour at affordable prices. involveThere argon many challenges go intimately Asda and these include* To further their global get and transmiting* To seduce smaller Asda stores on high streets to provide mass with to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) convenience* To develop their advert to sum up their customers * To advertise for healthy eating* To develop their other parts including opticians, clothes, electronics, home appliances and 24/7 shop classping what is more, Asda is trying to take back in these aims by using ICT as a predominate figure.Purposes for which ICT is utiliseOverview* Asda uses ICT in tramp to envision that all shelves atomic number 18 full in the store. The pee of ICT in which they use is strain held terminals, frequently known as HHTs and these work by members of stave typewriting in barcodes of products and see if they be in beginning. If a product if off the shelves and there is in threadb ar a cognitive content dejection be sent to re-stock it. Also if the product is out of stock, thus(prenominal) you faecal matter cook up an order to re-stock that accepted product.* gross revenue gutter be recorded by using a device called the electronic stage of deal (EPOS) a huge with the prices of the product. This puts Asda at a huge utility becaus e this Asda knows what product is doing well and what products need further advertizing and promotion to supercharge its exchanges.* ICT is use to converge head office in the form of e dismount for administrative and executive matters such as special protracts, income and outcome and stave problems.* Asda prevail a website where you derriere shop online and even leveraging products which you put upt acquire in store and even at a cheaper price.* Asda also offer jobs on their website.* ASDA use videoconferencing to hold meetings with staff or citizenry from other businesses who argon unable to be where the meeting is so-called to be held. So they ordain be face to face over long distances and both retinue get out be convergeed with several video tv cameras microphones and television monitors or PCs. sections in ASDA* gross gross revenue & Marketing This involves the exchange or distribution of the goods or service provided by ASDA and advertise for gross gross gross revenue* get This involves buying the goods or service call for by ASDA* Finance The ante up discussion section controls all the business regarding gold, including cash proceeding, reckon and cash flow.* Operations Carrying out the important business of ASDA* mathematical product This involves designing and producing products from desolate materials or semi entire products.ICT electronic computer peripheral utilize in Asdas gross sales and Marketing department* Electronic Point of Sale* CCTV* mechanism for Self service* Digital camera* S understructurener* tele die Machine* Online shop* Hand Held Terminals* Barcode subscriber computer computer bundles utilize by the sales and Marketing Department* Microsoft leger* Microsoft stand out* Microsoft regain* quick-scented Sales Order Processing SystemThe fix of using the ICTElectronic Point of Sale This shag about eons be referred to as a till or electronic cash register establishment and this i s where transactions happen at Asda and at all other supermarkets and shops. There are many forms of purchase at Asda including cash capital, belief card, debit card and even Asda card where you foundation get special discounts and last you can use vouchers to get notes off. It is safe to use credit tease in Asda because all you have a bun in the oven to do is swipe your card and enter a 4 digit pin shape which only the customer knows. This has increased sales because it is more than convenient for customers as it allows customers to compensate in all forms of possible affordments. So, a result of using debit and credit card is that it increases sales because it is user palsy-walsy as customer dont have to have cash money to purchase things in AsdaCCTV Asda uses CCTV cameras in their sales part by installing the cameras on the shop floor which monitor the shop floor. So by having these cameras it stops people from stealing from Asda as it scares of thiefs. Also if peo ple effectively steal from Asda then they exit roughly likely be caught and prosecuted because CCTV will show their faces minimising the chances of further robberies. So because CCTV helps ASDA because it saves them money as little people would consider attempting to rob it. calculators ASDAs sale discussion section uses computers for several tenablenesss. The most obvious reason why ASDA uses computers is to use databases to store information of customers and sales. The main advantage of using Microsoft Access for this is that you can pick up quieries, sort and filters. This saves a lot of beatMachine for Self Serving This was introduced in ASDA earlier this year and has been a coarse success. Firstly, I will explain what a self-importance serving machine is. You dress the barcodes of your breaker points on to the barcode reader and the cost of this appears on the dissemble and you can pay by inserting cash into the cash machine or credit or debit cards into the app ropriate machines and change is distributed as fits. This saves a lot of money for ASDA as it does the job of an employee without having to pay their wages. However, initially it costs more because the machine is quite expensive and the buy plane section withdraws this order. It will also take quite long for ASDA to launch a benefit but it will and it will be an enormous take in. Also, maybe in the future no human workers will be necessary and then there will just be self serving machines to serve customers.Digital Camera Digital cameras are apply principally in ASDAs sales segment for advertising purposes and are related to ASDAs sales division because it helps to increase sales and therefore strengthen the sales section. This happens because the advertisement, through with(p) online and in-store to come to customers aware of special offers such as 3 for the price of 2 or buy one get one free. For mannikin, cameras are use to take pictures of the product which ASDA a re advertising such as clothes or food or drink. So advertisements are used to get customers to buy a sealed product in the store and then attract the customer by helping them save money but rightfully if ASDA sell as a great deal as they hope by the advertisement then they will most probably make a profit solely although it will take quite long to do so.Scanner A year of learnner which ASDA uses is digital camera surveyners which are based on the concept of reprographic cameras. Due to the increasing small town and new features such as anti-shake, digital cameras become an attractive interpolatenative to perpetual scanners. While still containing disadvantages compared to traditional scanners, digital cameras offer unmatched advantages in pep pill and portability. This once again isnt really a peripheral used in ASDAs sales incision but hugely contributes to the sales subdivision because as explained earlier it is used for advertisement which helps to boost the sales segments actual sales because it encourages customers to buy a certain product.facsimile machine Machine Essentially, a fax machine is a tele parley engineering used to transfer copies of schedules to other people or other businesses to discuss things or to advertise. In the case of ASDAs sales department, they use fax machines to liaison customers for special offers or to sell a lot of their stock. Also, when their stock is approaching the end of their term ASDA want to offload this stock and can sell them to other companies by cogent them of the offer by faxing them.Online Shopping Online Shopping is the process in which customers can shop without having to go to the shop in person. Customers use the net income and pay by reference point, indorse or Debit cards and the goods they purchase are delivered by ASDA to the address of the customer. Online obtain is beneficiary to ASDAs sales department because it increases sales as more people shop online as it is very convenie nt for customers. Also, there are many people who are disabled and can not travel to ASDA for close to reason online obtain allows them to get their shopping without having to travel to the store itself and this makes more money for ASDA because they are gaining more customers than usual with online shopping.Hand Held Terminals These smart devices are extremely useful in ASDA and help them because they are very clock in effect(p). This is because ASDA workers can type in the barcode of around products and then the machine tells you how many of the products are in stock. This saves time for the ASDA sales department because it takes them seconds to decide whether an order needs to be primed(p) for more stock of the product to meet customer needs speedily and efficiently. This in maneuver benefits ASDAs sales departments because ASDA customers can rely and can trust ASDA to provide a good service for them.Barcode commentator A barcode reader is used in ASDAs sales departmen t to scan the barcode on the surface of products in the tab to determine the price of the product and then the computer adds all the prices of the products together and calculates a total for the customer. The barcode reader is useful to ASDAs sales departments because it is quick and time efficient and the customers spend minimal time in the encloseout queue.The electrical shock of using the packet program productMicrosoft tidings The ASDA sales department uses Microsoft reciprocation to assign documents, for ideal and if necessary transfer e-mails, memos, agendas and mail merge to benefit the department and to save time. ASDA also uses Microsoft Word to stack outdoor(a) a fiscal report which needs to be becomed every financial year. This financial report is produced by the companies accountants and makes legitimate that the yearbook incomes and expenses are all correct and so therefore the net profit is also. Companies only use Microsoft Word to make sure that the r eport looks professional and has no mistakes.Microsoft Excel This package is vital to ASDA as you can use it to produce graphs and tables based on the pays of ASDA. For eccentric, you can produce a graph on the increase of income over the past five years. This is in-chief(postnominal) to ASDA as it literally gives them a picture of how there pays are going. Also, ASDA can produce charts on what products of theirs are selling well and which are not and so therefore which need to be advertised and priced lower if necessary to increase sales.Sage Sales Order Processing System This computerized transcription fall inles sales, buying, stock control and accounts. Every time ASDA receives a order the details such as what product has been ordered, the mensuration and the accounting number of the order. This system will mechanically check if there are seemly of the of the required items in stock to fill the order. Then the invoice is printed out and the quantity in stock is automat ically change to show how many of distributively item is left. Also this system allows ASDA to keep caterpillar track of who its customers and suppliers, how much customers owe, hoe much the customer owes to its suppliers and so on.ASDAs Finance DepartmentThe finance department compiles preparation for budgets of new, current and future projects, appropriation of accounts, re-appropriations and savings. The finance department also needs to stay in control of expenditure and not let in spiral out of control. Moreover, ASDAs finance department has to administrate taxes, for example sale tax, entertainment tax or luxury tax amongst many others. Also, the department has to deal with the following pieces of business* payroll department* Forecast* Budget* Suppliers payment* creed controlICT Peripheral Used in ASDAs Finance Department* Computers* Fax Machine* Scanners* Debit and Credit Card Machine (ATM)* Digital TelephoneSoftwares Used by ASDAs Finance Department* Microsoft Word* Mi crosoft Access* Microsoft Excel* Sage Accounting big moneyThe impact of using the ICTComputers ASDAs finance department use computers for numerous reasons and without it alone couldnt operate without it. The first reason why computers are used by the finance department is the meshwork and this enables them to run free, quick and easy in the form of e-mail. The finance department uses e-mail to contact accountants, other departments and also customers. Also ASDA uses the internet facility to forecast future sales and managers need to plan carefully the program line that the business will take in years to come. However, forecasting can be a difficult job and so doing this job is aided by the internet and information from it. Once a sales forecast is make, a budget can be drawn up for the new project. This will show what the costs are and how much profit the company can expect to make if they charge a special(prenominal) price. This is what the finance department is all about fore casting and budgeting.Fax Machine This is essentially much like the use of e-mail as it is a communication decice. However it is actually a telecom device and is used by the finance department to contact other departments, stock holders and also suppliers to make orders for items and products. Fax machines are useful for ASDAs finance department because there are some important documents that cannot be sent by e-mail. An example of such documents are contracts, supplier payments and also forecasts and budgetsScanners The finance department uses scanners to insert photographs or other types of images such as graphs and tables into a document. An example of a sort of document which scanners will be used for is a forcast. The finance department will scan graphs of predicted sales into the forecast to show what will have to be do to secure the aim of the project. Also previous sale trends will be inserted into the document. Now the forcast is done the finance department will produce a budget where hitherto again, a scanner will be used to insert some images into the document. An example of this could be a table where the company can expect to make a certain amount of money if they charge a particular price for an item.Debit and Credit Card Machine (ATM) These pieces of ICT are used in the finance department so that ASDA can pay suppliers and also pay their creditors (who they owe mony to) and basically clear their debts. ASDA also use these machines to pay people, including their employes and suppliers. So these machines are very useful to the finance department because it allows them to go about their business quickly and very efficently.Digital Telephone Although digital telephones are being used little and less frequently due to the revoultionary expanding upon of the use of e-mail and less so the fax machine. However, telephones are still noteworthy as the quickest way to communicate because with e-mail it is not certain that a person will be on their c omputer or checking their e-mails when one arrives. Also, e-mails dont make a preventative when one is received, and obviously telephones ring so it is still the quickest way to communicate. The finance department will use a digital telephone to talk to the corresponding people as fax machines and e-mail suppliers, other departments and also even customers.The contact of Using the SoftwareMicrosoft Word The finance department of ASDA uses this software to produce the annual financial report which takes away the profit the company has made from the expenditure to lay down the net profit of the year. ASDA uses Microsoft Word for this tax as it makes the document look more professional ad the spell check tool allows ASDAs finance department to save a lot of time. Also, the finance department uses Misrosoft Word to compile pay slips for their employees. Pay silps are essential as they show how much the worker ahs made and how much tax has been taken away from the worker. Once agai n the reason why Microsoft Word is used for this task is to make it look more professional and also save ime because the finance department probably have a template of a pay silp and just have to alter it to match the correct information for all(prenominal) worker.Microsoft Access The finance department use this software to create databases for many reasons. superstar is to keep track of their creditors and keep records of wheather they have paid them back or how much they still have to pay back. Also, databases are used by the finance department to keep records of each financial report of the year and see if the net profit of the company is increasing or acquire worse. Moreover, Access is mainly used because of the advantages it possess. These are being able to filter, sort and make quieries which saves time.Microsoft Excel ASDAs finance department uses Excel to produce graphs and tables for several purposes. sensation of these purposes is to use graphs to accompany forecasts a nd budgets. They are used in budgets to show how much money is to be spent on each project. More importantly it is in forcasts to authorise their prediction by producing graphs of previous trends to show why they think the company will go in the direction they think.Sage Accounting Package This is special software used by businesses such as ASDA and especially their finance department. It is specially prompt to help the finance business do what they do.ASDAs Purchasing DepartmentThe main functions of the buy department is to buy raw materials, semi absolute products and fully finished products. Each department works go on in hand with the other ones, for example the purchasing department gets it money from finance, buys the products for work and then it goes on to the sales department. other one of the main functions of the purchasing department is to order new stock and also to also take a stock count to make sure that the order is complete. They will need to order things requisite for the smooth running of the office, such as stationary and computer equipment, and service such as insurance or hotel rooms if staff have to travel. A salesclerk in the purchasing department will enter the details of a purchase order and send it to the supplier. They in turn will receive the goods or services and an invoice will be passed on to the Finance Department. The finance department has to take responsibility of stock control and make sure that everything is in order.The purchasing department uses the collar main softwares to help them to run their business* Microsoft Word The purchasing department uses this to write earn to suppliers to contact them regarding their stock. They also use this software to save time by mail merging and creating memos.* Microsoft Excel This is used to create graphs, charts and spreadsheets based on suppliers and the products which the purchasing department has bought.* Microsoft Access This is used for simple reasons, retentivity data of suppliers into databases. Also the sort, filter and quires tools are very useful as it saves time when you are looking for a particular person or product.ASDAs Production DepartmentThe whole purpose of ASDAs take department is to produce the products for ASDAs sales department from three states raw material, semi finished products and finished products which just need to be packaged. However, ASDAs issue department has many methods in achieving this which I will now tell you about.ICT Peripheral Used in ASDAs Production Department* Robots* ComputersICT Peripheral Used in ASDAs Finance Department* Computer aid Design (CAD)* Computer back up Manufacturing (CAM))The impact of using the ICTRobots These hi-tech pieces of ICT come in all divergent shapes and sizes yet all have the uniform components which are1. Sensors Capture information from the environment.2. A Microprocessor Processes the information3. Actuators Produce movement or alter the environment in some way, for example by turning an electronic switch on or off.Robots are used because they can work in environments which are too dangerous for domain to work in. Such environments where ASDA use robots are radioactive environments or deep underwater. Moreover robots can perform horrid and dim tasks, carry heavy objects and also exceed long distances. Further advantages of ASDA using robots are that the quality of work is always invariable unlike humans who can have lapses in concentration and therefore make mistakes. Robots can work twenty-four seven-spot and even work harder than humans. Lastly, ASDA do not have to pay their robots basic every week wages, however, robots are expensive to buy and to install.Computers Computers are used for several reasons in ASDAs work department such as computer control. Here computers are used to control hundreds of processes both in manufacturing and elsewhere. All of the robots and other devices have computer chips which control their operation. I n ASDAs production department, computers are used to schedule production processes so that machinery is maximally utilized. Also, at ASDA, some workers are paid by piece-work which core that the computer calculates how much work a employee has done and how many products produced. It is then inserted into the system.The impact of using the softwareComputer Aided Design (CAD) These systems allow ASDAs production department to create designs on screen for many of their products. This piece of software lets users create 3-D models with features like volume, weight and centre of gravity. The image can be rotate and viewed from any angle. The advantages of using this piece of software are that images can be scurfy and resize without distortion. Also the draftsmanships are device-independent e.g. a drawing can be transferred to a varied screen of a different resolution, yet with no distortion. The files which are created by the software are generally smaller than for equivalently size d bitmapped images. Lastly, some of the drawings can be made with an immaculate scale of accuracy.Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) As we know ASDA produce some of their products from raw materials and this piece of software allows them to do so. This software works when the design is undefiled the specifications are input directly into a program that controls the manufacturing of products. The advantages of using this software for ASDAs production department are that this system is very versatile and flexible. For example undivided items can be manufactured to a customers exact specification. determinationIn conclusion, all departments use ICT and softwares to help them get about their business and without it couldnt simply operate. Also, I have learnt that all the departments go hand in hand. For example, the finance department gives the purchasing department money and then the purchasing department buys raw materials, semi finished and finished goods and gives it to the produc tion department who makes the products and then gives it to the sales department who obviously sell it for profit. So ICT is essential in all the departments to allow for the easy running of ASDA efficiently and quickly.

Notes from Doran

How did concerns to keep Catholics happy define Elizabethan religious settlement? For both personalized and political reasons Elizabeth was anxious to retain certain Catholic ceremonial traditions within her church service. Person wholey, she disliked the idea of a married clergy, she loved elaborate Church symphony and refused to accept that all(a) images were idolatrous. Equally, she was aware that she had to persuade Spain that her Church was little different, externally, to theirs.At the equivalent time, she had to persuade the Lutheran that she was a follower of their Suburb Confession. Therefore, outward Catholic signs much(prenominal) as the use of vestments, crosses and candlesticks would serve to reassure both Lutheran and Catholics. How widespread does Doran say Catholicism was up to 1 580? When Elizabeth came to the throne, the maroyalty of plenty In England and Wales were Catholic in belief. By 1 559 only 14% of wills in Sussex contained Protestant formulae and beq uests by 1560 only 10% of wills in Kent had a statement of Protestantism in the preamble.Therefore, Elizabethan caper was to slowly wean the population away from their handed-down Catholic beliefs and towards her protestant gem through lecture and education. The government was actually particularly successful in this, reducing Catholicism to a mere household faith with only 1-2% of the population supporting it. more say this was down to the aristocracy and clerical leaderships unsuccessful person to mount any resistance to Elizabethan spiritual Settlement, thus allowing ordinary laity to drift into conformity. When the parish priest was ready to use the Book of Common plea and the squire publicly appeared at the invigorated services, it was barely surprising the ordinary people followed the examples of their social superiors Patrick McGrath The Catholic Church did not simply give in without a struggle when Elizabeth came to the throne. The Clerical leadership do an e arly start against Elizabethan settlement the bishops fought against the 1559 commandment In the House of Lords as well as the refusal of all but one of the Marina episcopate to take the pesterer of Supremacy.Many of the Catholic Intelligentsia also refused to conform to the new Protestant Church about 100 fellows and opposite senior members left the university of Oxford among 1559 1566. Corner of these went into exile, close to went to the Catholic university of Alluvial publishing 40+ books and pamphlets between 1564- 1568. By 1564 Lavational attacks on the Elizabethan Church panic-stricken Elizabeth, and by 1 566 the pantywaist was so refer about illegal foreign books entering the country, that she asked for all boats to be searched. What reasons does Doran give for Increasing perceived curse of Catholicism In the 1 5705? OFF England and abroad. The deteriorating kin with Spain after 1568 and Mary Stuart flight to England in the same year to seek refuge led to many Ca tholic plots for uprising and rebellion supported by Spanish military power. The 1566 election of Pope Pips V, who referred to Elizabeth as one Who pretended to be Queen of England, elevated anxieties over whether he would send a crusade. Finally, in 1569 the Northern Rebellion broke out which readable fears of a Catholic threat this was followed by the cook of Excommunication in 1570 and the Riddled Plot in 1571.In 1572 the massacre of French Hugeness on SST. Bartholomew Day frighten people that in that location was an international plot to pass across out Protestantism. How much a threat were Catholics in reality? Not huge, it has been exaggerated slightly. The people of England were by and large loyal to the Queen and Country, they simply hoped for better measure under(a) Mary. The Northern Rebellion was largely contained in the Northern counties of Durham, Northumberland, Wasteland and York. John Leslie and Nicholas Sanders were the only ii polemicists to write books ex pressing political opposition.Equally, the government put more pressure on the Catholics which weakened their threat comfortably more enquiries were held into unorthodox, the Privy Council ordered new groups of people to subscribe to the Prayer Book and supremacy ewers at the Inns of Court were questioned about their attendance at share-out and many bishops took firmer action against recusant Catholics were usually fined some lawyers expelled from their Inns at Courts and some lost their position on the bench of magistrates.How loyal were Catholics in the 1 oral cavity? Even though during the sass an intense persecution of their religion took place, Catholics were mostly loyal to Queen Elizabeth. The vast legal age of people simply waited for better times in the lead when Mary, Queen of Scots was to take to the throne or when they might be granted tolerance under Protestantism. Very few people plotted against Elizabeth or her government. Most people passively accepted laws fo r recusant and accepted those enforcing penal laws.There were several statements and quests addressed to the Queen by prominent Catholics expressing their loyalty and not all were under duress. In fact, in 1585 Catholic nobles and gentry led by Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk presented Elizabeth with a petition stating their complete loyalty. Even after a foresee for the restoration of Catholicism by force from William Allen and Robert Parsons, there was very little Catholic support.