Impacts of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Impacts of the Americans with Disabilities Act Adapted Fitness Activities Congress weighed the interests of the businesses that would need to update their facilities versus the interests of the people that would be helped and decided that helping Americans with Disabilities would be the fairest thing to do. As verbally expressed by the founding fathers of America â€Å"All men are created equal.† Black, white, brown, short, tall, perspicacious, and incoherent, all are engendered equipollently. Therefore every person deserves fair judgement. Unfortunately, it is a profound fact that not everyone is born mundane and capable of task typical for a mundane person, who is liberate from incapacitation. In my opinion, the quote â€Å"All men are created equal† accommodates to promote an amicable environment that avails inspirit parity among people and avails to apperceive the kindred attributes rather than the differences that dissevers men. Even so, with this hope, the incapacitated community still struggles for parity. The Americans with disabiliti es act further goes to destroy those barriers between the community. If everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedom that is set forth in the Declaration, disabled people should not be robbed of their rights. However, they are still devalued from conducting common tasks which puts them at the bottom of the priority list as an employee and even so as a friend. If everyone is entitled to all the rights and liberation that is set forth in the Declaration, incapacitated people should not be purloined of their rights. However, they are still devalued from conducting mundane tasks which puts them at the bottom of the priority list as an employee and even so as a friend. President George Bush signed the ADA into law that serves and protects people with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination against the disabled by employers and required commercial establishments, public accommodation, and mass transportation be made accessible to disabled persons. hence the law was signed, new doors opened for the deaf and hard of hearing culture for a better opportunity in gaining equal rights. President Bush appointed four titles to protect deaf and hard of hearing people. In â€Å"The ADA and Deaf Culture† by Tucker, B. Title I, prohibits both public and private employers from refusing to hire or promote an individual because of his or her impairment and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for applicants or employees who are deaf or hard of hearing (Tucker 28). If a deaf or hard of hearing employee can pass the essential part of the job qualification, he or she is protected by the ADA to be hired. Also, the ADA prohibits employers to discriminate disabled people in means of recruitment, job applications procedures, pay rates, and promotions. The second title, Title II, â€Å"Requires all state and local government agencies to make all of their services accessible to individuals with disability† (NAD 22). This ensures people with disability to be able to participate in services, programs, and activitie s who can meet the essential eligibility requirements. Such places that must make these accommodations are schools, libraries, police and fire department, public hospitals, jails and prisons, motor vehicle departments, parks and recreation programs, food stamp offices, and welfare and social service agencies. Because these places serves to the public they cannot neglect people with disabilities. Title III gives equal access to public accommodations which removes communication and physical barriers to people with disabilities from private businesses, professionals, and nonprofit organizations. These private entities may not discriminate â€Å"in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, lease, or operates a place of public accommodation† (NAD 28). Such places operated by a private entity of public accommodations are hotels or places of lodging, restauran t or establishment serving food or drink, theater, place of public gathering like convention center, zoo, nursery, bowling alley and more. Title IV requires â€Å"telephone companies to provide both local and long distance telecommunications relay services across the nation† (NAD 34). By providing an accessible telephone system, deaf and hard of people are able communicate much easier and would minimize traveling to relay a message. It also â€Å"requires all television public services announcements that are produced of funded by the federal government to include closed captioning† (NAD 34). With closed captioning, primary source of news and culture information, as well as emergency broadcast warnings will be accessible to the deaf and hard of hearing people. By appointing these four titles, deaf and hard of hearing are insured of their civil rights and acceptance in society. If American pursues to reach equality for all, people of color, language, and ability should b e able to find peace within the differences between themselves. Although the ADA protects people with disability, it is quite difficult to zero in a situation when people of disability are discriminated against during the time of the situation. In some cases the damage was done before justice is served. In one of the cases, a spouse of a pregnant women was denied of an interpreter because he was not the patient. However, he still deserved the right to be informed of the situation of his baby, therefore the judge rule in their favor and were compensated for their trouble. On July 1997 in an article by the New York Times â€Å"Judge Finds Bias at Hospital In Dealings With Deaf Man,† Mount Sinai Medical Center illegally discriminated against the Bravins by not providing an interpreter. Mr. Bravin, a Lexington School teacher for the deaf in Manhattan was unable to learn the Lamaze method to assist his wife give birth. Sinai Medical Center disapproved Mr. Bravin request for an interpreter because it’s Mrs. Bravins who was the patient not Mr. Bravin who was deaf. Nevertheless, Lamaze method is a team effort which Mr. Bravin needed to learn to assist his wife give birth. The judge ruled that the hospital violated state and federal laws requiring accommodations for the disabled (Stewart 1). This example violated the title II of the ADA which was to provide interpreters at hospital settings. Although it was not Mrs. Bravin who needed an interpreter while giving birth and could not interpret for her husband, it was Mr. Bravin who needed it to find the situation of their baby during the birth and the week that the baby was in the neonatal intensive care unit. Mr. and Mrs. Bravin, a family concerned about their baby, should have the right to be informed especially if the baby is in an intensive care unit. Because the hospital did not provide an interpreter the judge ruled in favor of the Bravins and was scheduled the decision on the amount of damages. Even though Mrs. Bravins was hearing, the hospital should have put in c onsideration to provide an interpreter for Mr. Bravin because Mrs. Bravins could not interpret for her husband for she was giving birth. Poor Mr Bravin was left in the dark to figure how he could had help his wife and find out what was happening to his baby. The hospital did not consider Mr. Bravin in the equation, therefore the hospital discriminated against him and are scheduled for the amount of damages. In another situation, a community of deaf and hard of hearing are neglected of their rights. In an article from The New York Times on July 29, 1997, titled â€Å"Judge Rules Fire Box Denies Access To The Deaf,† a federal judge ruled, â€Å"to shrink the city’s fire alarm box system† (Holloway 1) was in violation of the civil rights of deaf and hard of hearing residents of New York. When Judge Sweets ordered the city to refit the boxes that was removed or disconnected as a part of an experiment in 1995, the city reconnected the box system with only a single li ne to the police department, instead of two-button system, one to fire and other to police department. Their defense, fire department contended that single-boxes would drastically reduce false alarms. However according to Holloway, â€Å"Judge Sweet said the one-button boxes were â€Å"unusable† by a hearing impaired person, a violation of the American With Disabilities Act, which guarantees equal access to public services† (Holloway 2). Clearly, by replacing the box systems it reduces emergency calls, but it also prevents deaf and hard of hearing from making emergency calls, thus discriminating them of their right to telecommunications, especially for emergencies. Therefore, Judge sweets denied the city’s request to abolish the fire-box system entirely. Also, as stated by the ADA, state and local government must make accommodations for the disabled. One example where the disabled are severely mistreated is at prisons. In an article from Los Angeles Times, title d â€Å"a Win for Disabled Prisoners; Ruling: Federal appeals court says the state violated their rights during parole hearings,† by Krikorian, G. on November 29, 2001, the state officials was ordered to make it easier for thousands of disabled prisoners and ex-felons to attend in parole hearings by the U.S. 9th Circuit Court Appeals. Krikorian wrote, â€Å"Violations included prisoners who use wheelchairs being left to crawl up stairs to attend their parole hearings† (Krikorian 1) and â€Å"Deaf inmates also were sometimes deprived of interpreters during hearings or had their hands shackled and thus were unable to sign Wilken found† (Kirkorian 2). Evidently, this describes the nature of cruelty that happens in prisons. Although the prison is a place where people need to be disciplined or exiled, there still must be some balance. Aa Kirkorian described, the people who are on parole, who may be scheduled to leave, are still being deprived of their rights. Therefo re, because of the harsh environment disabled people have to face in prisons, the U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken ordered â€Å"that the board survey all its hearing rooms to ensure that they are accessible to the disabled, provide interpreters for deaf prisoners, supply assistants for inmates with mental retardation and learning disabilities and establish a grievance process† (Kirkorian 2). With this, state officials would be more lenient than before. These discrimination against the deaf and hard of hearing people would slowly depart as society realizes that these people are incapable to hear and/or understand words because of their disability. Therefore it would be inconsiderate to treat such people without accommodations. Because deaf and hard of hearing have problems communicating and socializing, it is only fair to accommodate for their loss. There are numerous things that these people can do, but hear. If they are assisted for their loss, most would generously reconcile with in society, boosting their self-esteem and making positive deeds. In an article from the Los angeles Times titled â€Å"UPS Ban on Deaf Drivers is Rejected† by Girion, L. on October 11, 2006, a federal appeals court ruled that the United Parcel Services Inc. (UPS) has illegally discriminated against deaf employees by excluding them from driving delivery vans. The San Francisco-Based U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the UPS has violated the ADA, employers must justify polices or job requirements that elude a group of people who are disabled. The UPS countered that the case was about safety not disability or discrimination. The Professor of Sanford University of Law, Mark Kelman, stated that the use of deaf dri vers by other companies made UPS’ exclusion a difficult policy to justify under the ADA. Therefore, it was perceived that the UPS was not permitting very much individual analysis; they were rejecting the hearing impaired. Joe Beachboard who is representing employers defended that if a UPS driver has a serious accident, the company would be sued; hearing impaired poses a safety problem because of their inability to hear other vehicles. However, U.S. Circuit Judge Marsh Berzon noted that drivers are offered warning signals when backing up a van, therefore she wrote, UPS â€Å"failed to show that those accidents would not also been avoided by a deaf driver who has compensated for his her loss of hearing by, for example, adapting modified driving techniques or using compensatory devices such as backing cameras or additional mirrors† (Girion 2). In addition, being a safe driver does not merely rely on hearing that is why deaf people are able to acquire a license to drive pa ssenger cars. Consequently, after a couple more hearings, federal ruled to require drivers of vehicles weighing more than 10,000 pounds or more to meet certain vision and hearing standards. The qualifications lets the companies determine drivers for lighter vehicles. The accommodation serves to allow deaf and hard of hearing employee to drive vehicles and keep their job. In another situation where accommodation are made for the deaf and hard of hearing is in the article â€Å"Dispute in Westchester on Deaf Child Accepted† from the New York Times by Greenhouse, Linda on November 3, 1981. Supreme Court agreed to provide a sign language interpreter for deaf third grader. The appeals was based on the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Apparently, Amy Rowley a deaf student who was adept at lip reading and received help from her hearing aid was performing above average from her class without special help. However, the court ruled â€Å"she was entitled to be able to under stand everything said in the classroom, a goal that could be achieved only through sign language†(Greenhouse 2). Even though Amy Rowley in the top half of her class the court recognized that she is still being denied of her rights. Therefore, the court ruled in her favor to accommodate her for education. With the accommodation she will be given an opportunity to achieve her full potential. Not all individuals with disabilities are protected by the ADA. To be protected, individuals with disabilities must show that they are otherwise qualified for the job they want. They have to prove that they can perform the essential functions of that job with or without reasonable modifications, and they must have a disability that significantly limits them and show that they have suffered discrimination because of the disability. However the Americans with Disabilities Act is one in many steps for the towards the creation of an ideal society

Classroom Management Plan

I believe Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students are in a safe environment, then learning can take place. This doesn’t necessarily mean punishing behavior problems but rather a combination of setting the tone in a class, preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all students in the classroom so that their needs are met. Having the right environment for all students to learn is my major goal of implementing good classroom management–without it the students would not be able to learn. Outside of their parents, the teacher is the next adult figure with the most influence in their lives. I must take every student under my wing and guide them through the year. In order to do that, the environment of the classroom I create will comprise of me taking a sincere interest in students and see them as unique individuals. I will be notice if they play any sports, or participate in any clubs and connect with them at that level. I will also build lasting relationships that inspire and encourage students to be confident with whom they are. Every single student in my classroom will be recognized for the diversity they bring to the community and I will never allow them to think they are less significant than someone else. I want a community classroom that is structured with independence, encouragement, an open-mind, and student cooperation. Cooperation and communication are vital in establishing a classroom because it considerably limits negative situations. As a teacher, I will set guidelines the classroom. In addition to establishing guidelines, I also believe it is important to know my students as individuals. Getting to know them, listening about their interests, attending their award ceremonies, this establishes a mutual respect and trust that transcends into the classroom. When my students view me as a teacher who has a vested interest in them, they are less likely to display negative behaviors in the classroom. As a teacher I believe that it is my responsibility to provide each student with the optimal learning environment in which to thrive academically. Establishing and maintaining a positive classroom climate based on mutual respect and responsibility not only fosters academic growth, but also provides a foundation for minimizing negative behaviors. By creating this environment, serious discipline issues, as well as minor issues, are often prevented, allowing growth to be the primary focus, not discipline. The first step is to ensure that children understand what is expected of them. Teachers should model expectations. For example, when children are treated with fairness and respect, they will react in kind. Therefore adults in the classroom must model a positive, caring attitude. Because children learn differently, it is important to employ various strategies for helping a child learn how to appropriately behave in the classroom. Philosophical Statement In order for me to succeed as their teacher, I must be consistent and reliable. Students can expect me to treat them the way I want to be treated. I have learned it is important to hold myself to high standards and I hope my students will return the favor. Responsibility, respect, honor, and equality are four specific qualities I value and I anticipate my students will see me display these traits and model after them. I want nothing more and expect nothing less than to see young minds grow and mature into exceptional individuals who succeed in and out of the classroom. In addition to a structured environment, children also need a caring environment in which they feel safe to make mistakes and to learn. Though I believe that the classroom is a serious place for learning, there are also many opportunities for play and for silliness. I want my students to feel comfortable in the classroom, and to know that I am always approachable. Bringing in songs and costumes and participating in activities with my students will allow them to see that I not only care about their learning, but I also care about enjoying time with them. My assumptions about young people are that their peers and the media pull them in many directions. When I look around, I see so many advertisements, TV shows, shopping stores, and people trying to get the attention of our children. They flash pretty pictures and sound off hip music to draw our children in, and convince them that they need to be cool by either buying something or having something in their possession. The young people today also seem to be more mature than in the past, but this maturity also brings about much confusion and anxiety. Young people are looking for a safe haven and refuge from the many mixed messages that are being sent to them. For many young people, their home environments are unstable, which leads to more confusion. Classroom Management Plan I believe Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students are in a safe environment, then learning can take place. This doesn’t necessarily mean punishing behavior problems but rather a combination of setting the tone in a class, preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all students in the classroom so that their needs are met. Having the right environment for all students to learn is my major goal of implementing good classroom management–without it the students would not be able to learn. Outside of their parents, the teacher is the next adult figure with the most influence in their lives. I must take every student under my wing and guide them through the year. In order to do that, the environment of the classroom I create will comprise of me taking a sincere interest in students and see them as unique individuals. I will be notice if they play any sports, or participate in any clubs and connect with them at that level. I will also build lasting relationships that inspire and encourage students to be confident with whom they are. Every single student in my classroom will be recognized for the diversity they bring to the community and I will never allow them to think they are less significant than someone else. I want a community classroom that is structured with independence, encouragement, an open-mind, and student cooperation. Cooperation and communication are vital in establishing a classroom because it considerably limits negative situations. As a teacher, I will set guidelines the classroom. In addition to establishing guidelines, I also believe it is important to know my students as individuals. Getting to know them, listening about their interests, attending their award ceremonies, this establishes a mutual respect and trust that transcends into the classroom. When my students view me as a teacher who has a vested interest in them, they are less likely to display negative behaviors in the classroom. As a teacher I believe that it is my responsibility to provide each student with the optimal learning environment in which to thrive academically. Establishing and maintaining a positive classroom climate based on mutual respect and responsibility not only fosters academic growth, but also provides a foundation for minimizing negative behaviors. By creating this environment, serious discipline issues, as well as minor issues, are often prevented, allowing growth to be the primary focus, not discipline. The first step is to ensure that children understand what is expected of them. Teachers should model expectations. For example, when children are treated with fairness and respect, they will react in kind. Therefore adults in the classroom must model a positive, caring attitude. Because children learn differently, it is important to employ various strategies for helping a child learn how to appropriately behave in the classroom. Philosophical Statement In order for me to succeed as their teacher, I must be consistent and reliable. Students can expect me to treat them the way I want to be treated. I have learned it is important to hold myself to high standards and I hope my students will return the favor. Responsibility, respect, honor, and equality are four specific qualities I value and I anticipate my students will see me display these traits and model after them. I want nothing more and expect nothing less than to see young minds grow and mature into exceptional individuals who succeed in and out of the classroom. In addition to a structured environment, children also need a caring environment in which they feel safe to make mistakes and to learn. Though I believe that the classroom is a serious place for learning, there are also many opportunities for play and for silliness. I want my students to feel comfortable in the classroom, and to know that I am always approachable. Bringing in songs and costumes and participating in activities with my students will allow them to see that I not only care about their learning, but I also care about enjoying time with them. My assumptions about young people are that their peers and the media pull them in many directions. When I look around, I see so many advertisements, TV shows, shopping stores, and people trying to get the attention of our children. They flash pretty pictures and sound off hip music to draw our children in, and convince them that they need to be cool by either buying something or having something in their possession. The young people today also seem to be more mature than in the past, but this maturity also brings about much confusion and anxiety. Young people are looking for a safe haven and refuge from the many mixed messages that are being sent to them. For many young people, their home environments are unstable, which leads to more confusion.

What You Can Do About Essay on Elderly Starting in the Next 6 Minutes

What You Can Do About Essay on Elderly Starting in the Next 6 Minutes The Good, the Bad and Essay on Elderly Drivers can compensate for a few of the age-related adjustments, Nelson and Olshevski agree. Think about it, the majority of the situations that happen with elderly drivers can readily be avoided during a drivers test. Anyone over age 65 that cannot deal with the duty of driving a vehicle shouldn't be permitted to drive. The security of the older motorists and others are getting to be a problem we are facing. Elderly abuse on the opposite hand differs on minute amounts in distinct nations and racial groups. Many who were once powerful and athletic, the truth of losing one's vigor would appear unacceptable. Contemplating the population concentration of certain ethnic groups particularly regions of this province, it's advised that the patient's language and ethnicity be considered for the allocation of health staff. When there's too many elderly then the civilization fails because they cannot support that lots of people which don't work and are never likely to do the job. To start with, older people may have a substantial effect on a countries economy. Regardless of the efforts that have been input in trying to enhance the awareness On the problem of elderly abuse, the elderly folks who live in the long-term care units will probably be exposed to more vulnerable conditions. Elderly men and women are a vulnerable population for many explanations. Characteristics of Essay on Elderly When you have made the decision to be mindful about your grandparent, you have to make sure as many times as possible that they're alright. The environment has a huge effect on the kid's internet use since if the kid is continuously surrounded by it, then it is exceedingly likely they will become addicted. CPS intervention is composed of an evaluation of the child and other children in the house and the growth o f a strategy to fit the requirements of the kid and loved ones. At this facility the parent is joined by men and women in the similar age group, many suffering illnesses as a consequence of their previous age. The old age is an essential part of human life. Mrs. L stated that she doesn't understand how to execute a self breast exam. Additionally, today children are taught in primary school to understand the way to use computers. It isn't always such a good remedy to live to your busy kids and their noisy grandchildren. Reading example essays works exactly the same way! Sample Essay Words 1,210 Aging is a complicated and fascinating procedure, in the not so distant future, we'll come face to face with the reality of more Americans over age 65 than ever before. Education and training for those Doctors should also contain the chronological age structure with the concentrate on the adult protection. The upcoming demand for long-term care services will probably outdo the supply of competent workers to offer such services. It's evident that elderly care requires a wide variety of forms, which range from personal care like feeding and dressing, to medical attention. Vast majority of el derly folks are brought to the nursing homes where they're left without enough care or given last priority concerning medical requirements and the diet program. While it's possible to employ an in-home care provider, it is often quite expensive. Besides this, some seniors need specialist care. The vulnerability of the elderly is one of the primary reasons why they appear to get neglected and abused, particularly in the privacy of their nursing homes. Research has indicated that the proportion of Medicare and Medicaid patients in a nursing home is a significant aspect in quality. Nursing homes are a location where the elderly can live when their families don't have the resources or the additional time to look after them appropriately. Essay on Elderly and Essay on Elderly - The Perfect Combination In such situations, the family members of such an elderly person locate a house near other aged individuals, in places where the amenities they require on a day-to-day basis are easily available. For somebody who has gave you everything which you have ever had, a few of the men and women in the world want to take and treat them like animals. For elderly people it's vitally important to know they have somebody who will care f or their wellness and safety. First of all, they rely on a pension and don't go to do the job. Many older people don't wish to be a burden on their loved ones and want to be independent for as long as possible before seeking another type of care. Many people don't want to care for the elderly especially when they're ill since they generally have a lot of emotional and physical problems required lots of care. Most individuals do as it's the best action to do. Elderly individuals like to share.

Legendary Lycurgus the Lawgiver of Sparta

Athens had its Solon, the law-giver, and Sparta, its Lycurgus—at least thats what we like to believe. Like the origins of the reforms of Lycurgus, the man himself is wrapped in legend. Plutarch on Lycurgus Rise to Power Plutarch tells the story of Lycurgus as if he had been a real person, albeit an eleventh-generation descendant of Hercules, since the Greeks generally ascribed genealogy that went back to the gods when writing about important figures. In Sparta there were two kings who jointly shared the power. Lycurgus, according to Plutarch, was the younger son of one of these two kings. His older brothers wife was pregnant when both Lycurgus brother and father died, and so, the unborn would have become king—assuming it was a boy—in time. Lycurgus sister-in-law proposed to Lycurgus, saying she would do away with the child if he would marry her. In that way both she and Lycurgus would maintain power in Sparta. Lycurgus pretended to agree with her, but instead of having the child killed after birth, as was a Greek custom, Lycurgus presented the child to the men of Sparta, naming the child and saying that he was their future king. Lycurgus himself was to act as guardian and advisor until the baby came of age. Lycurgus Travels to Learn About Law When slander about the motives of Lycurgus got out of hand, Lycurgus left Sparta and went to Crete where he became familiar with the Cretan law code. Plutarch says Lycurgus met Homer and Thales on his travels. Recalled to Sparta, Lycurgus Institutes His Laws (Rhetra) Eventually, the Spartans decided they needed Lycurgus back and persuaded him to return to Sparta. Lycurgus agreed to do so, but first he had to consult with the Delphic Oracle. The advice of the oracle was so well respected that it would add authority to whatever was done in its name. The oracle said that the laws (rhetra) of Lycurgus would become the most famous in the world. Lycurgus Changes Spartas Social Organization With the oracle on his side, Lycurgus instituted changes in the Spartan government and provided Sparta with a constitution. In addition to changes to the government, Lycurgus altered the economy of Sparta, banning ownership of gold or silver and useless occupations. All men were to eat together in common mess halls. Lycurgus reformed Sparta socially, too. Lycurgus started the state-run education system, including the training of women, the peculiar non-monogamous Spartan marriages, and the role of the state in deciding which newborn was fit to live. Lycurgus Tricks the Spartans Into Keeping His Laws When it appeared to Lycurgus that all was being done according to his suggestions and that Sparta was on the right track, he told the Spartans that he had one more important mission. Until he returned, they were under oath not to change the laws. Then Lycurgus left Sparta and disappeared forever. That is the (condensed) story of Lycurgus, according to Plutarch. Herodotus also says the Spartans thought the laws of Lycurgus came from Crete. Xenophon says Lycurgus made them up, while Plato says the Delphic Oracle provided them. Regardless of their origin, the Delphic Oracle played an important role in the acceptance of the laws of Lycurgus. The Great Rhetra Heres a passage from Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus on his obtaining an oracle from Delphi about the establishment of his form of government: When thou has built a temple to Zeus Syllanius and Athena Syllania, divided the people into phylai, and divided them into obai, and established a Gerousia of thirty including the Archagetai, then from time to time appellazein between Babyka and Knakion, and there introduce and repeal measures; but the Demos must have the decision and the power.

African Storytellers, By Chinua Achebe s Things Fall...

African storytellers utilize a variety of techniques as a way to convey a message to the intended audience. Illustrating the specific gender roles dictated by African society while explaining why they must be broken is a technique used to validate the importance of women in society. While most African societies are male led or dominated, storytellers craft social commentary to establish the relevance of feminine influence on the success of these societies. Both Chinua Achebe in Things Fall Apart and Sembene Ousmane in God’s Bits of Wood employ the technique of exploring the defined gender roles while pushing their limits to achieve success as a society. While Achebe focuses on a male character, Okonkwo, and Ousmane focuses of a group of female characters, both storytellers are using the technique to reveal the same message; the importance of femininity in African society. The technique employed by both storyteller’s is essentially the same, despite the fact that it is being applied to characters of opposite genders. The storyteller examines the gender roles set forth by African societies while making arguments for why these roles must be challenged. In the case of examining a male character in Things Fall Apart, Achebe portrays what occurs if these gender roles are kept as society dictates. In contrast, in God’s Bits of Wood, Ousmane depicts a potential outcome if women challenge their gender roles. While these situations are very different, both storytellers reveal

Why Study Ethics Free Essays

http://faculty. polytechnic. org/gfeldmeth/4. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Study Ethics? or any similar topic only for you Order Now ruggiero1. pdf Ruggiero 1 Why Study Ethics? If we have laws and religion, why do we need ethics? Ethics is the study of right and wrong. Everyone makes decisions each day that are essentially choices. For some, choices are considered strictly personal and no one else’s business: Should I have a strip of bacon with my eggs? But for some, even that simple choice has ethical ramifications: Should I eat meat? Is it anyone else’s concern that I eat meat? Other choices confront us as the day progresses: Should I call in sick? Should I obey the speed laws as I drive to work? Should I answer a friend’s question honestly or lie and potentially hurt her feelings? Should I be faithful to my spouse? How does one find answers to these questions? For some, laws and religion provide the answers. But for most, those two sources are insufficient. Ethical Relativism In the past for most people and even for many people today, an objective moral standard that is binding on all people for all times exists. While there might be disagreement on what the standard was, most acknowledged that there was a â€Å"right† choice. But in the last half-century, there has been considerable erosion in the idea that a standard exists or is even needed. For many, decisions about what is right and wrong are complete personal and completely subjective: what is right for me may not be right for you. This is known as ethical relativism. It asserts that whatever an individual deems morally acceptable is acceptable for that person. To judge that is often considered unacceptably intolerant. As relativism or situation ethics, as it was called by some, grew in the 1960s, some critics warned that an attitude of complete toleration would make it difficult, if not impossible to reasonably discuss ethical issues. If no one view is better than another, how can one distinguish civilized from uncivilized behavior, or good and evil. If ethical choices are essentially the same as aesthetic or taste choices, then pursuing one choice of action is essentially no different that preferring a work of art or an author or a singing group. It is all just a matter of taste and your taste is as good as mine. One result of the growth of relativism is the reluctance of many to pass judgment on an individual or a deed. If the choice is between absolutism (â€Å"that is absolutely wrong† or relativism (â€Å"in some cases, for some individuals, that action may be wrong’), many opt for relativism as it seems more tolerant, more reasonable, less black-and-white. Many civilizations in the past practiced human sacrifice in religious rituals. Is it right to judge that practice as wrong? After all, freedom of religion is a pillar of American beliefs. Should I judge another culture’s practices even if I find it abhorrent? To cite a modern example, some cultures allow marriage of girls as young as 12 years old or a husband to have multiple wives. Are those issues that should be left up to a nation or people-group to decide or are there universal principles that apply? To get even more relevant to students living in American society, is it ok to download copyrighted music or movies? How about copying and pasting a paragraph from an Internet source such as Wikipedia into a paper? If I want to do that, isn’t it my choice? Who are you to say it’s wrong? Ethics and Laws One might wonder why we need ethics if we have laws? If we have a comprehensive set of laws that are consistently enforced, isn’t that enough? Of course, we need to ask who makes 1 Ruggiero 1 the laws and how do they decide whether a behavior is criminal. Consider sexual harassment. Because a legislator or even a number of them might say â€Å"I would never commit such an act† would not be enough reason to conclude that a law should be passed preventing others from committing that act. From the perspective of an ethical relativist, no one has the right to criticize another’s actions. The only defensible reason for a law against sexual harassment is that the act is wrong, not just for me but for everyone. And sexual harassment was clearly wrong long before it was made illegal. So laws are not possible without ethics. For a law to be passed, a person or a group of people have to make a decision about right and wrong. That has been the case from the start of human society, whether laws were determined by kings, religious leaders, or elected legislators. It does not mean that every law is morally right but every law starts with a concept of right and wrong. In fact, laws change over times. New circumstances arise so that laws must be revised to fit them. New technologies developed the need for new laws. In addition, attitudes change over time. Women were not permitted to vote in national elections until 1920. The 18th Amendment legalized Prohibition in 1919. The 21st Amendment repealed it in 1933. Ethics and Religion Just as laws arise from ethics, ethics arise from religion. Religious thinkers have always spoken to the greater society on issues of moral concern. Sometimes they have assumed that their position is the only acceptable one, which hinders discussion and debate. Faith does not usually provide common ground to discuss ethical issues in a dispassionate or even-handed way. Many religious thinkers are absolutists and turn to an outside authority, God or the Bible or the Koran for their authority. Of course, to say the Bible says something suggests that it is a simple book easy for everyone to interpret. In fact, it is complex and subject to many different interpretations. This is why it is important to distinguish between religious ethics and religious beliefs. Religious ethics examines moral situations from a perspective, a set of principles. It is a starting point, not a defining â€Å"right or wrong† point. Inquiries 1. Canada’s government proposed that color photographs of diseased hearts and cancerous lungs and lips be printed on the front and back panels of every pack of cigarettes sold in that country. Canada’s tobacco industry claimed the practice was illegal. What is the ethical issue in this case? 2. When a Michigan man was arrested for soliciting a prostitute, his car was impounded by the police. His wife, who co-owned the vehicle, claimed that the government’s action was improper because it punished her as well as her husband, even though she had no knowledge or part of his crime. Is her argument morally correct? 3. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) allows colleges and universities to make millions of dollars each year from the sale of tickets and television rights to games. Yet the NCAA does not permit student athletes to be paid. Is the NCAA’s position morally justifiable? 2 Ruggiero 1 4. A married couple, both drug addicts, is unable to care for their infant daughter. The court takes her from them and places her in a foster home for a number of years and she comes to view her foster parents as her real parents. When she is nine years old, her natural parents, now in drug recovery, ask the courts to return custody to them. The case is decided in their favor and the girl is returned to them, against her will. Does ethics support the court’s decision? 5. A Milpitas, California, boy raped and then killed his girlfriend and dumped her body in a lovers’ lane gully. Over the next few days, the killer boasted to his high school friends and the word quickly spread that the girl was dead and that her body was in the gully. Carload after carload of high school students visited the gully to see the body. Some students prodded it with sticks or kicked it; one girl ripped a decal from the dead girl’s jeans. Only one boy reported the murder to the high school principal, and even after the police investigation was well under way, only two students would identify the killer or volunteer any information. Since failure to report a body or to volunteer to testify is not a crime, the students could not be charged legally. But was the behavior of any of the students morally acceptable? Why or why not? Based on Thinking Critically About Moral Issues by Vincent Ruggiero 3 How to cite Why Study Ethics?, Papers

Management and Business Context Telstra Company

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Business Contextfor Telstra Company. Answer: Introduction One of the leading technology and Telecommunication Company of Australia is Telstra. They are the fastest and largest national mobile network. They offer a wide range of services related to communication and giving a tough competition to all the telecommunication market. They provide fixed voice services to 7.0 million people, mobile services to 17.2 million people and retail fixed broadband services to 3.4 million people. They believe that the people, who are well connected, grab most of the opportunities. That is why they are working towards creating an exceptional connected future for every customer, every day. They are continuously working to improve the technology and content and making them easy to use and simple. Telstra provides not only the digital connection to their clients, but also digital content at the same time. As they are the leading information and telecommunication service provider of Australia, they are always ready to help their clients to improve the ways in wh ich they work and live through connection (telstra.com.au/aboutus", 2016). Emergence of Telstra: Telstra was established in 1901, when Postmaster-Generals Department (PMG) was founded by Commonwealth Government to manage all the postal services, telegraph and domestic telephone. They have a superior past and they are well known about their excellent future. They provide the following services to their clients: Ethernet: Ethernet is providing exceptional and modern communications for various businesses. Ethernet is cost-efficient, reliable and makes the ideal platform for data, voice and video conversation. Using their Ethernet access produce, customers can provide a reliable experience whether their clients are large corporate looking for private line connection or retail stores using private networks to manage inventory or small to medium business, which required corporate internet, collaboration, cloud or video solutions (Hayes, 2013). Transmission: When a customer delivers critical data and voice traffic, they require transmission solution of high quality with uncondensed, clear channel and reliable connectivity. Telstra assure their clients to provide the required level of service. Internet: In todays rapidly growing and competitive global market, business, communications are highly dependent on the internet service. Telstra offers internet services through Big Pond, to their business and personal customers. Telstra provides internet services in the form of retail internet and cable internet. Telstra cable provides their services in selected areas of Australia, such as, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Gold Coast, Adelaide and Perth (Daly, 2016). Impact of environmental forces on Telstra: It is very essential to identify the internal and external aspects of Telstra that have significant impact on the trend and driving forces of the companys business operation. Environmental strategy of Telstra is to minimise its effect on the community and environment, convince their supplier to manage their effects and supply the services and products that will assist the customers to decrease their impact on environment. Their main strategies towards environments are: Minimise impacts of environment: Telstras main object is to minimise the effect of environment. Their journey towards improvement of environment has started 30 years back and now they can move to the next stage of environmental commitment (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). Increase the potency towards customer value proposition: Communication and information technology is the major thing towards low carbon environment. Their clients are also aware on this matter and already requested them to use their expertise and tools to decrease their environmental effects (McLachlan, 2013). Reduce cost of operation and thereby improving productivity: Activation of smarter, simpler and effective benefits to their business will improve not only their environment, but will also reduce the cost of operation (Mller, 2012). Implanting environmental objectives in the development and improvement of products and services and leveraging the benefits to differentiate Telstra will definitely decrease the impact of environment. The ways to achieve these are: Providing Green ICT services at professional level, decreasing the effect of environment on the product and services and Promoting the environmental benefits of their products and services. Risk confrontation of Telstra: Telstra is a dynamic and rapidly growing company with increasing traffic in network and continuous invention in technology and market. This increasing trend involves various risks that face a challenge to achieve their strategic objectives, growth ambitions and future performances (Elfving Urquhart, 2013). The following risks explain the material risks that could affect the company materially with regard to their environmental, economical and social sustainability risk: Business risk: Risk that could not be responded to market developments and technology, in a cost- efficient way known as business risk. Telstras exposure to business risk is rapidly growing due to changes in market conditions, advancement of technology, and competition with customer with regard to simpler and disruptive business proposals and increasing customers expectation in both global and domestic market. Telstras strategy to eliminate these risks involves monitoring disruptive and new technologies, increasing the efficiency of business and invests in technology based and innovative business plans (Daming et al., 2014) Data management risks: Risk of managing, using or collecting corporate and customer data in a way that is not consistent with their strategy are known as data management risk. As business is changing, volumes of data is growing and as cyber security threats are becoming more dynamic, data management risks are also increasing. They have implemented various controls at company level to manage risks related to data security and information security (Gandini, Bosetti Almici, 2014). Regulatory risk: this risk is the requirements of unfavourable regulations that results into complexity and cost of running business. Regulatory risk management strategy of Telstra is concerned with minimising the adverse effect of new and existing regulations to meet the requirements of their customers to eliminate compliance cost Business practices: Telstras business practices involve bringing together their customers with their technology experts and vendors to offer optimum solutions to each of their customer. They focus on significant results and improvement in business practices and offers expert advice throughout the delivery life cycle. Their practice team helps clients to deal with their individual business challenges through professional services and project management (Chen, Cheng Mehta, 2013). They also offer a wide variety of services that help customers to implement their highly skilled labour and investment in modern tools and technology. Their global services involve 5000 professionals, activated in 23 cities and delivering up to $3 billion of revenue per year. They provide their clients with one place access of cloud platforms from providers, so that they can choose the best for their business. They expanded globally by leveraging their reliable, secure and intelligent networks, over their clo ud services (Karim Sarfraz, 2016). Functions of Telstra: Business of Telstra is depended on host infrastructure and cloud. As the requirement for connectivity is growing, they want their network to grow and to be flexible, as they are connected to data services. Interconnection of data centre helps customers to set up and organize network services into hybrid clouds and private within minutes. This gives their customers the freedom to move around data centres and at the same time getting scalability and demand flexibility (Shahiduzzaman Alam, 2014). Their NFV/SDN platform is a modernised way to manage and deliver the enterprise networks. They use the innovative software to define network functions and networking to enable the customers to implement and configure network services quickly. They can: Adjust bandwidth to match the demand, add the virtual appliances like firewalls, Offer public cloud and network services like collaboration tools They will be able to reply to changing market demands and customer needs within minutes instead of weeks or months. They are committed to emerging platform software technology and virtual network functions to take benefits of future progress. They have unmatched expertise and experience of networking to integrate and implement NFV and SDN solutions in their IT infrastructure and business operations. In order to distinguish themselves from their competitors, Telstra converted their marketing plan to include market based management approach (Klein Jakopin, 2014). Conclusions: Telstra has implemented a market-based approach of management to offer improved services to clients and to give them competitive boundary over the telecommunications organizations in the industry. It has reacted to the changing needs of Australian people and changed from a technology-focused company to a customer-focused company. Through wide research and focus on their clients needs, Telstra developed the Next G Network, which is Australias most extensive and fastest mobile network to bring more people together through the service of telecommunications. Australian people are connected to each other through various types of telecommunication systems, such as, telephone, internet, SMS messaging and mobile telephone. Most of the Australians use various technologies to keep them in touch with their loved ones, families and business partners. References: Daly, A. (2016). Net Neutrality in Australia: The Debate Continues, But No Policy in Sight. InNet Neutrality Compendium(pp. 141-155). Springer International Publishing. Daming, Y., Xiaohui, Y., Wu, D. D., Guofan, C. (2014). Option game with Poisson Jump Process in company radical technological innovation.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,81, 341-350. Elfving, S. W., Urquhart, N. (2013). Product service system challenges within telecommunication: Reaching the era of mutual dependency. InThe Philosopher's Stone for Sustainability(pp. 269-274). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Gandini, G., Bosetti, L., Almici, A. (2014). Risk management and sustainable development of telecommunications companies.Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (2), 16-29. Hayes, A., Mann, S., Aryani, A., Sabine, S., Blackall, L., Waugh, P., Ridgway, S. (2013, June). Identity awareness and re-use of research data in veillance and social computing. InTechnology and Society (ISTAS), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 51-58). IEEE. https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus. (2016). www.telstra.com.au. Retrieved 3 December 2016, from https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus Karim, S. A., Sarfraz, S. U. (2016). Creativity is everyone's business: How to enhance employee creativity in telecommunication Sector.Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series,25(1). Klein, A., Jakopin, N. (2014). Consumers willingness-to-pay for mobile telecommunication service bundles.Telematics and Informatics,31(3), 410-421. McLachlan, R. (2013). Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Mller, S. (2012).Assessment and prediction of speech quality in telecommunications. Springer Science Business Media. Shahiduzzaman, M., Alam, K. (2014). Information technology and its changing roles to economic growth and productivity in Australia.Telecommunications Policy,38(2), 125-135.